Question 1

Children of young mothers with unresolved attachment often exhibit which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  severe emotional withdrawal 
B)  controlling behaviour 
C)  speech delays 
D)  an overeagerness to please their mother. 
A)  severe emotional withdrawal 
B)  controlling behaviour 
C)  speech delays 
D)  an overeagerness to please their mother.

Question 2

Bowlby proposed that attachment:

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs toward the first moving person an infant sees. 
B)  is rooted in evolution. 
C)  is necessary for identity development. 
D)  has at its center the notion of a needy, dependent infant. 
A)  occurs toward the first moving person an infant sees. 
B)  is rooted in evolution. 
C)  is necessary for identity development. 
D)  has at its center the notion of a needy, dependent infant.

Question 3

Annalee is 3 years old. If asked to describe herself, which statement is she LEAST likely to say?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I am a great dancer. See, I can do a pirouette." 
B)  "I love to go apple picking." 
C)  "I have brown hair." 
D)  "My sister is a faster runner than me." 
A)  "I am a great dancer. See, I can do a pirouette." 
B)  "I love to go apple picking." 
C)  "I have brown hair." 
D)  "My sister is a faster runner than me."

Question 4

What has been demonstrated by research on the links between specific genes and attachment behaviours?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no clear evidence linking genes and attachment. 
B)  Insecure attachments, but not secure attachments, have a strong genetic component. 
C)  Certain genes cause individuals to be more sensitive to the quality of the environment. 
D)  Links between adult attachment and infant attachment are a result of shared genetics. 
A)  There is no clear evidence linking genes and attachment. 
B)  Insecure attachments, but not secure attachments, have a strong genetic component. 
C)  Certain genes cause individuals to be more sensitive to the quality of the environment. 
D)  Links between adult attachment and infant attachment are a result of shared genetics.

Question 5

In the Strange Situation, baby Olivia clings to her mother, plays little with the toys in the room, and is extremely distressed when her mother leaves the room. When her mother returns to the room and picks her up, Olivia arches her back to get away from her mother. Olivia falls into which attachment category?

Accepted Answer

A)  disorganized/disoriented 
B)  insecure/resistant 
C)  secure 
D)  insecure/avoidant 
A)  disorganized/disoriented 
B)  insecure/resistant 
C)  secure 
D)  insecure/avoidant

Question 6

Children recognize themselves in the mirror starting at approximately what age?

Accepted Answer

A)  12 months old 
B)  18 months old 
C)  24 months old 
D)  36 months old 
A)  12 months old 
B)  18 months old 
C)  24 months old 
D)  36 months old

Question 7

Noticing discrepancies between one's own performance and others' performance is founded on:

Accepted Answer

A)  social comparison. 
B)  self-esteem. 
C)  overconfidence. 
D)  an adolescent sense of self. 
A)  social comparison. 
B)  self-esteem. 
C)  overconfidence. 
D)  an adolescent sense of self.

Question 8

Which concept is typical of a 3-year-old child's sense of self?

Accepted Answer

A)  involves comparisons of themselves with others 
B)  includes global views of themselves that are not directly tied to specific behaviours 
C)  is focused on observable features 
D)  involves others' evaluations of them 
A)  involves comparisons of themselves with others 
B)  includes global views of themselves that are not directly tied to specific behaviours 
C)  is focused on observable features 
D)  involves others' evaluations of them

Question 9

Erikson theorized that successful resolution of the conflict of identity versus identity confusion involves an identity that is:

Accepted Answer

A)  positive. 
B)  diffused. 
C)  integrated. 
D)  foreclosed. 
A)  positive. 
B)  diffused. 
C)  integrated. 
D)  foreclosed.

Question 10

Harlow and colleagues' studies with infant rhesus monkeys reared in isolation demonstrated that, compared to monkeys reared normally with their mothers, those reared in isolation and then placed with other monkeys:

Accepted Answer

A)  rose into leadership positions. 
B)  died early of unusual infections. 
C)  were unable to communicate effectively with other monkeys. 
D)  had intense attachments to the other monkeys. 
A)  rose into leadership positions. 
B)  died early of unusual infections. 
C)  were unable to communicate effectively with other monkeys. 
D)  had intense attachments to the other monkeys.

Question 11

The Adult Attachment Interview is designed to measure adults':

Accepted Answer

A)  perceptions of their infants' attachments. 
B)  beliefs about child rearing. 
C)  evaluations of their adult relationships. 
D)  perceptions of their early childhood relationships. 
A)  perceptions of their infants' attachments. 
B)  beliefs about child rearing. 
C)  evaluations of their adult relationships. 
D)  perceptions of their early childhood relationships.

Question 12

Research suggests that, in comparison to young adults exploring commitments in depth, those exploring commitments in breadth tend to be:

Accepted Answer

A)  less likely to have unprotected sex. 
B)  more likely to abuse drugs. 
C)  less prone to negative emotionality. 
D)  more conscientious. 
A)  less likely to have unprotected sex. 
B)  more likely to abuse drugs. 
C)  less prone to negative emotionality. 
D)  more conscientious.

Question 13

The MOST likely source of the differences in peer relationships between children who were securely attached as infants and those who were insecurely attached as infants are differences in:

Accepted Answer

A)  the quality of adult models. 
B)  opportunities for peer interaction. 
C)  abilities to use social comparisons. 
D)  internal working models. 
A)  the quality of adult models. 
B)  opportunities for peer interaction. 
C)  abilities to use social comparisons. 
D)  internal working models.

Question 14

Infants who approach their mothers and also regard them as a source of fear are considered to have which type of attachment?

Accepted Answer

A)  disorganized/disoriented 
B)  insecure/resistant 
C)  secure 
D)  insecure/avoidant 
A)  disorganized/disoriented 
B)  insecure/resistant 
C)  secure 
D)  insecure/avoidant

Question 15

Psychologists have suggested that cultural variations in self-esteem are likely to be associated with differences in all of these EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  the meaning of self-esteem. 
B)  comfort with being praised. 
C)  the function of self-criticism. 
D)  parent‒child attachment. 
A)  the meaning of self-esteem. 
B)  comfort with being praised. 
C)  the function of self-criticism. 
D)  parent‒child attachment.

Question 16

Separation anxiety typically declines in which of Bowlby's phases?

Accepted Answer

A)  reciprocal relationships 
B)  attachment-in-the-making 
C)  clear-cut attachment 
D)  preattachment 
A)  reciprocal relationships 
B)  attachment-in-the-making 
C)  clear-cut attachment 
D)  preattachment

Question 17

Internal working models of attachment:

Accepted Answer

A)  persist throughout childhood, but not into adulthood. 
B)  involve individuals' feelings about being worthy or unworthy of love. 
C)  are possessed only by securely attached individuals. 
D)  are entirely due to biology. 
A)  persist throughout childhood, but not into adulthood. 
B)  involve individuals' feelings about being worthy or unworthy of love. 
C)  are possessed only by securely attached individuals. 
D)  are entirely due to biology.

Question 18

Which behaviour is NOT considered an indicator that a child has a developing sense of self?

Accepted Answer

A)  displaying separation distress 
B)  demonstrating joint attention 
C)  turning toward a noise 
D)  showing happiness when controlling objects 
A)  displaying separation distress 
B)  demonstrating joint attention 
C)  turning toward a noise 
D)  showing happiness when controlling objects

Question 19

Does heredity contribute to individuals' self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, by directly coding for level of self-esteem. 
B)  Yes, at least partly by influencing aspects of the self, such as physical appearance, athletic ability, and intellectual abilities, which then influence self-esteem. 
C)  No, heredity does not influence self-esteem. 
D)  There is no way to examine the contribution of heredity to self-esteem. 
A)  Yes, by directly coding for level of self-esteem. 
B)  Yes, at least partly by influencing aspects of the self, such as physical appearance, athletic ability, and intellectual abilities, which then influence self-esteem. 
C)  No, heredity does not influence self-esteem. 
D)  There is no way to examine the contribution of heredity to self-esteem.

Question 20

Which of the following individuals would be most likely to develop a bicultural identity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kaixin, a first-generation Canadian who moved to Canada when he was 6 
B)  Miranda, a second-generation Canadian whose parents came to Canada before she was born 
C)  Tang, a first-generation Canadian who came to Canada when he was 21 
D)  Mei-Ling, a first-generation Canadian who came to Canada when she was 6 months old 
A)  Kaixin, a first-generation Canadian who moved to Canada when he was 6 
B)  Miranda, a second-generation Canadian whose parents came to Canada before she was born 
C)  Tang, a first-generation Canadian who came to Canada when he was 21 
D)  Mei-Ling, a first-generation Canadian who came to Canada when she was 6 months old

Exam 11: Section 2: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Children of young mothers with unresolved attachment often exhibit which of the following?

Bowlby proposed that attachment:

Annalee is 3 years old. If asked to describe herself, which statement is she LEAST likely to say?

What has been demonstrated by research on the links between specific genes and attachment behaviours?

Children recognize themselves in the mirror starting at approximately what age?

Noticing discrepancies between one's own performance and others' performance is founded on:

Which concept is typical of a 3-year-old child's sense of self?

Erikson theorized that successful resolution of the conflict of identity versus identity confusion involves an identity that is:

Harlow and colleagues' studies with infant rhesus monkeys reared in isolation demonstrated that, compared to monkeys reared normally with their mothers, those reared in isolation and then placed with other monkeys:

The Adult Attachment Interview is designed to measure adults':

Research suggests that, in comparison to young adults exploring commitments in depth, those exploring commitments in breadth tend to be:

The MOST likely source of the differences in peer relationships between children who were securely attached as infants and those who were insecurely attached as infants are differences in:

Infants who approach their mothers and also regard them as a source of fear are considered to have which type of attachment?

Psychologists have suggested that cultural variations in self-esteem are likely to be associated with differences in all of these EXCEPT:

Separation anxiety typically declines in which of Bowlby's phases?

Internal working models of attachment:

Which behaviour is NOT considered an indicator that a child has a developing sense of self?

Does heredity contribute to individuals' self-esteem?

Which of the following individuals would be most likely to develop a bicultural identity?

Section 1: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 2: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 1: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 2: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 1: Biology and Behavior

Section 2: Biology and Behavior

Section 1: Theories of Cognitive Development

Section 2: Theories of Cognitive Development

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Section 1: Conceptual Development

Section 2: Conceptual Development

Section 1: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 2: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 1: Theories of Social Development

Section 2: Theories of Social Development

Section 1: Emotional Development

Section 2: Emotional Development

Section 1: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 1: The Family

Section 2: The Family

Section 1: Peer Relationship

Section 2: Peer Relationship

Section 1: Moral Development

Section 2: Moral Development

Section 1: Gender Development

Section 2: Gender Development

Section 1: Conclusions

Section 2: Conclusions

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