Question 1

Romanian-born children who were adopted by British families _____ fared the best in weight gain after adoption.

Accepted Answer

A)  before age 6 months 
B)  between the ages of 6 and 24 months 
C)  between the ages of 24 and 42 months 
D)  after 42 months 
A)  before age 6 months 
B)  between the ages of 6 and 24 months 
C)  between the ages of 24 and 42 months 
D)  after 42 months

Question 2

The extent to which two variables are related is referred to as their:

Accepted Answer

A)  causal direction. 
B)  coefficient. 
C)  relativity. 
D)  correlation. 
A)  causal direction. 
B)  coefficient. 
C)  relativity. 
D)  correlation.

Question 3

What do longitudinal designs do?

Accepted Answer

A)  study children on the verge of a developmental change in order to examine the processes that produce changes 
B)  compare groups of children who are of different ages on the same variable 
C)  follow the same children over a period of time 
D)  use random assignment 
A)  study children on the verge of a developmental change in order to examine the processes that produce changes 
B)  compare groups of children who are of different ages on the same variable 
C)  follow the same children over a period of time 
D)  use random assignment

Question 4

Epigenetics is the study of how:

Accepted Answer

A)  gene expression is affected by the environment. 
B)  genetic variations are inherited. 
C)  an individual's environment is shaped by his or her genes. 
D)  nature and nurture each contribute to development. 
A)  gene expression is affected by the environment. 
B)  genetic variations are inherited. 
C)  an individual's environment is shaped by his or her genes. 
D)  nature and nurture each contribute to development.

Question 5

A researcher who would like to examine whether children who are high math achievers have better memories than do low math achievers should use:

Accepted Answer

A)  a clinical interview. 
B)  a laboratory experiment. 
C)  a correlational design. 
D)  random assignment. 
A)  a clinical interview. 
B)  a laboratory experiment. 
C)  a correlational design. 
D)  random assignment.

Question 6

According to the text, differences between U.S. and Mayan childhood sleeping patterns are due to differences in:

Accepted Answer

A)  laws. 
B)  financial circumstances. 
C)  cultural values. 
D)  family structure. 
A)  laws. 
B)  financial circumstances. 
C)  cultural values. 
D)  family structure.

Question 7

Research described in the text suggests that all of these techniques can help young children deal with their anger EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  the turtle technique. 
B)  spanking. 
C)  expressing sympathy. 
D)  encouraging them to do something fun. 
A)  the turtle technique. 
B)  spanking. 
C)  expressing sympathy. 
D)  encouraging them to do something fun.

Question 8

Which item would NOT be considered part of the sociocultural context involved in a Canadian child's language development?

Accepted Answer

A)  number of words in a child's vocabulary 
B)  town budget for speech therapy 
C)  parental knowledge of child development 
D)  modern Canadian value for education 
A)  number of words in a child's vocabulary 
B)  town budget for speech therapy 
C)  parental knowledge of child development 
D)  modern Canadian value for education

Question 9

Rachel is a 6-month-old who has recently learned to sit up on her own. Her mother places two toys in front of her: a soft, yellow, stuffed animal within her reach and a colourful rattle slightly out of her reach. Seeing both toys, Rachel chooses the one she finds more appealing to play with. Over time, choices such as these may influence:

Accepted Answer

A)  the development of her personality. 
B)  her development of crawling. 
C)  the development of her understanding of cause and effect. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  the development of her personality. 
B)  her development of crawling. 
C)  the development of her understanding of cause and effect. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 10

Crib speech is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a demonstration of the importance of nature on development. 
B)  an early indication of schizophrenia. 
C)  a phenomenon Freud observed and used as a partial basis for his theory. 
D)  an example of individuals' contributions to their own development. 
A)  a demonstration of the importance of nature on development. 
B)  an early indication of schizophrenia. 
C)  a phenomenon Freud observed and used as a partial basis for his theory. 
D)  an example of individuals' contributions to their own development.

Question 11

Which statement BEST describes the value of random assignment in experimental designs?

Accepted Answer

A)  It enables researchers to fully control the specific experience of the different groups of participants. 
B)  It helps to ensure that participants receiving different treatments are similar at the start of the experiment. 
C)  It allows researchers to accurately determine the direction of causation. 
D)  It removes the possibility of encountering the third-variable problem. 
A)  It enables researchers to fully control the specific experience of the different groups of participants. 
B)  It helps to ensure that participants receiving different treatments are similar at the start of the experiment. 
C)  It allows researchers to accurately determine the direction of causation. 
D)  It removes the possibility of encountering the third-variable problem.

Question 12

The study that examined the lying behaviour of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds utilized which type of design?

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-sectional 
B)  microgenetic 
C)  experimental 
D)  longitudinal 
A)  cross-sectional 
B)  microgenetic 
C)  experimental 
D)  longitudinal

Question 13

The text describes a study examining the link between sleeping with a night light in infancy and later developing nearsightedness. This study exhibited which type of problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  negative-correlation 
B)  third-variable 
C)  causal-relationship 
D)  direction-of-causation 
A)  negative-correlation 
B)  third-variable 
C)  causal-relationship 
D)  direction-of-causation

Question 14

The emergence of theories such as those of Freud and Watson in the early twentieth century reflected the:

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing influence of early philosophical views of childhood. 
B)  incorporation of research findings into the study of child development. 
C)  desire of editors at universities to find suitable articles to print in professional journals. 
D)  rise of young children as paid labourers in factories and mines. 
A)  increasing influence of early philosophical views of childhood. 
B)  incorporation of research findings into the study of child development. 
C)  desire of editors at universities to find suitable articles to print in professional journals. 
D)  rise of young children as paid labourers in factories and mines.

Question 15

Neurotransmitters can BEST be described as:

Accepted Answer

A)  electrical impulses in the brain. 
B)  chemicals involved in communication among brain cells. 
C)  gene defects that produce schizophrenia. 
D)  what early philosophers theorized reflected children's core nature at birth. 
A)  electrical impulses in the brain. 
B)  chemicals involved in communication among brain cells. 
C)  gene defects that produce schizophrenia. 
D)  what early philosophers theorized reflected children's core nature at birth.

Question 16

What percentage of Canadian parents report spanking their children?

Accepted Answer

A)  20%-33% 
B)  33%-50% 
C)  50%-66% 
D)  67%-80% 
A)  20%-33% 
B)  33%-50% 
C)  50%-66% 
D)  67%-80%

Question 17

Which theorist developed one of the best-known stage theories of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Piaget 
B)  Scarr 
C)  Freud 
D)  Erikson 
A)  Piaget 
B)  Scarr 
C)  Freud 
D)  Erikson

Question 18

Which statement describes the results of research by Dweck on children's beliefs about intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children who believe that intelligence is a fixed entity are more likely than other children to persist in the face of difficulty. 
B)  Children who believe that intelligence can be increased by learning are more likely than other children to say they are dumb when faced with a challenge. 
C)  Children who believe that intelligence is a fixed entity are more likely than other children to think that a very challenging problem is too hard for them. 
D)  All of these statements describe the results. 
A)  Children who believe that intelligence is a fixed entity are more likely than other children to persist in the face of difficulty. 
B)  Children who believe that intelligence can be increased by learning are more likely than other children to say they are dumb when faced with a challenge. 
C)  Children who believe that intelligence is a fixed entity are more likely than other children to think that a very challenging problem is too hard for them. 
D)  All of these statements describe the results.

Question 19

One study discussed in the text demonstrated that infants with a particular form of one of the genes influencing production of neurotransmitters associated with effortful attention had lower effortful attention than other infants when they also were exposed to poor parenting. What principle is demonstrated by this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Environment plays a crucial role in the expression of genes. 
B)  The expression of genes plays a crucial role in one's environment. 
C)  Some genetic influences operate regardless of environment. 
D)  Current research methods often do not allow researchers to separate the influences of genetics and environment. 
A)  Environment plays a crucial role in the expression of genes. 
B)  The expression of genes plays a crucial role in one's environment. 
C)  Some genetic influences operate regardless of environment. 
D)  Current research methods often do not allow researchers to separate the influences of genetics and environment.

Question 20

Which statement does NOT express a benefit of structured observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The researcher can design the context to elicit the behaviour of interest. 
B)  Researchers are able to observe behaviours that occur only infrequently. 
C)  Children feel comfortable in their own environment. 
D)  All children are observed in the same situation. 
A)  The researcher can design the context to elicit the behaviour of interest. 
B)  Researchers are able to observe behaviours that occur only infrequently. 
C)  Children feel comfortable in their own environment. 
D)  All children are observed in the same situation.

Exam 1: Section 2: An Introduction to Child Development

Romanian-born children who were adopted by British families _____ fared the best in weight gain after adoption.

The extent to which two variables are related is referred to as their:

What do longitudinal designs do?

Epigenetics is the study of how:

A researcher who would like to examine whether children who are high math achievers have better memories than do low math achievers should use:

According to the text, differences between U.S. and Mayan childhood sleeping patterns are due to differences in:

Research described in the text suggests that all of these techniques can help young children deal with their anger EXCEPT:

Which item would NOT be considered part of the sociocultural context involved in a Canadian child's language development?

Crib speech is:

Which statement BEST describes the value of random assignment in experimental designs?

The study that examined the lying behaviour of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds utilized which type of design?

The text describes a study examining the link between sleeping with a night light in infancy and later developing nearsightedness. This study exhibited which type of problem?

The emergence of theories such as those of Freud and Watson in the early twentieth century reflected the:

Neurotransmitters can BEST be described as:

What percentage of Canadian parents report spanking their children?

Which theorist developed one of the best-known stage theories of cognitive development?

Which statement describes the results of research by Dweck on children's beliefs about intelligence?

Which statement does NOT express a benefit of structured observation?

Section 1: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 1: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 2: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 1: Biology and Behavior

Section 2: Biology and Behavior

Section 1: Theories of Cognitive Development

Section 2: Theories of Cognitive Development

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Section 1: Conceptual Development

Section 2: Conceptual Development

Section 1: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 2: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 1: Theories of Social Development

Section 2: Theories of Social Development

Section 1: Emotional Development

Section 2: Emotional Development

Section 1: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 2: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 1: The Family

Section 2: The Family

Section 1: Peer Relationship

Section 2: Peer Relationship

Section 1: Moral Development

Section 2: Moral Development

Section 1: Gender Development

Section 2: Gender Development

Section 1: Conclusions

Section 2: Conclusions

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