Question 1

Stage theories regard development as:

Accepted Answer

A)  active. 
B)  passive. 
C)  continuous. 
D)  discontinuous. 
A)  active. 
B)  passive. 
C)  continuous. 
D)  discontinuous.

Question 2

A longitudinal design would be MOST useful for which research question?

Accepted Answer

A)  Are older children better than younger children at playing hopscotch? 
B)  What are the similarities and differences in the TV-viewing habits of elementary school students and junior high school students? 
C)  Do children who are empathetic preschoolers become empathetic teenagers? 
D)  How do children learn to solve jigsaw puzzles? 
A)  Are older children better than younger children at playing hopscotch? 
B)  What are the similarities and differences in the TV-viewing habits of elementary school students and junior high school students? 
C)  Do children who are empathetic preschoolers become empathetic teenagers? 
D)  How do children learn to solve jigsaw puzzles?

Question 3

A town committee learns that there is a strong negative correlation between the number of centimetres of daily rainfall and the number of children who use the neighborhood playgrounds each day. If the committee were to conclude that high rainfall is caused by children not using the playground, which type of problem would MOST likely be occurring?

Accepted Answer

A)  third-variable 
B)  direction-of-correlation 
C)  direction-of-causation 
D)  insufficient-knowledge 
A)  third-variable 
B)  direction-of-correlation 
C)  direction-of-causation 
D)  insufficient-knowledge

Question 4

Which activity is NOT a core component of effortful attention?

Accepted Answer

A)  exerting effort on tasks 
B)  controlling emotions 
C)  focusing attention 
D)  inhibiting impulses 
A)  exerting effort on tasks 
B)  controlling emotions 
C)  focusing attention 
D)  inhibiting impulses

Question 5

Which variable is LEAST likely to be an independent variable in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  TV-viewing behaviour 
B)  family size 
C)  hours of teacher training 
D)  parental involvement in school 
A)  TV-viewing behaviour 
B)  family size 
C)  hours of teacher training 
D)  parental involvement in school

Question 6

Which item is a potential source of internal invalidity?

Accepted Answer

A)  passage of time 
B)  inconsistent findings across different groups of participants 
C)  observer disagreement 
D)  conflicting scores on multiple test days 
A)  passage of time 
B)  inconsistent findings across different groups of participants 
C)  observer disagreement 
D)  conflicting scores on multiple test days

Question 7

Which factor involved in a child's development is NOT an environmental factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  the extent to which a child's parents are involved in school 
B)  the IQ of the child's father 
C)  the attractiveness of the child's mother 
D)  All of these are environmental factors. 
A)  the extent to which a child's parents are involved in school 
B)  the IQ of the child's father 
C)  the attractiveness of the child's mother 
D)  All of these are environmental factors.

Question 8

Of the following problems, which is the greatest limitation of laboratory experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)  poor interrater reliability 
B)  third-variable problem 
C)  inability to ensure that all participants are exposed to the same scenario 
D)  questionable external validity 
A)  poor interrater reliability 
B)  third-variable problem 
C)  inability to ensure that all participants are exposed to the same scenario 
D)  questionable external validity

Question 9

Aaron is in 4th grade and comes from an economically disadvantaged home. Leo is in Aaron's class at school and comes from an average-income home. What difference between Aaron and Leo is likely to be observed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aaron will have more health issues. 
B)  Aaron is more likely to drop out of school. 
C)  Aaron is likely to have a smaller vocabulary. 
D)  Leo is likely to do worse in math. 
A)  Aaron will have more health issues. 
B)  Aaron is more likely to drop out of school. 
C)  Aaron is likely to have a smaller vocabulary. 
D)  Leo is likely to do worse in math.

Question 10

Approximately what percentage of Canadian children who live with two parents are classified as coming from a low-income family?

Accepted Answer

A)  5% 
B)  8% 
C)  10% 
D)  22% 
A)  5% 
B)  8% 
C)  10% 
D)  22%

Question 11

Which statement about the troubled homes in Patterson's study is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children responded to parents' punishment by behaving less aggressively. 
B)  Children often acted in an angry manner. 
C)  Children responded to their parents' anger with hostility. 
D)  Parents reacted to children's hostility with increased anger. 
A)  Children responded to parents' punishment by behaving less aggressively. 
B)  Children often acted in an angry manner. 
C)  Children responded to their parents' anger with hostility. 
D)  Parents reacted to children's hostility with increased anger.

Question 12

A researcher would be MOST likely to use a microgenetic design to examine which topic?

Accepted Answer

A)  basic pattern of age-related changes in a particular skill 
B)  pattern of stability and change in individual children's development in a particular area 
C)  how change in a particular skill occurs 
D)  how individual differences remain stable over long periods of time 
A)  basic pattern of age-related changes in a particular skill 
B)  pattern of stability and change in individual children's development in a particular area 
C)  how change in a particular skill occurs 
D)  how individual differences remain stable over long periods of time

Question 13

A class of 3rd-grade children is split into two groups through random assignment. Group A is given training in a new game, and Group B is not. Training in the new game is referred to as the _____ variable, and game-playing skill at the conclusion of the study is referred to as the _____ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent; independent 
B)  independent; dependent 
C)  control; experimental 
D)  experimental; control 
A)  dependent; independent 
B)  independent; dependent 
C)  control; experimental 
D)  experimental; control

Question 14

Which scenario provides the BEST example of how children actively contribute to their own development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Joshua's bright blue eyes cause strangers to shower him with attention, which influence his wariness around strangers. 
B)  Analisa's mother's anxiety about her daughter's academic success causes Analisa to panic whenever she takes an exam. 
C)  Manny's quiet nature influences him to seek out other quiet children, with whom he plays quiet games, and to stay away from the more rambunctious children in his class. 
D)  Bree's parents are both highly educated and surround her with books and puzzles, leading Bree to be an intellectually curious child. 
A)  Joshua's bright blue eyes cause strangers to shower him with attention, which influence his wariness around strangers. 
B)  Analisa's mother's anxiety about her daughter's academic success causes Analisa to panic whenever she takes an exam. 
C)  Manny's quiet nature influences him to seek out other quiet children, with whom he plays quiet games, and to stay away from the more rambunctious children in his class. 
D)  Bree's parents are both highly educated and surround her with books and puzzles, leading Bree to be an intellectually curious child.

Question 15

A researcher is interested in examining the association between how humourous children are and their school achievement. Two observers go to children's homes and judge children as "not funny at all," "slightly funny," or "very funny." On comparison of the observers' judgments, it is apparent that the observers have a high level of disagreement as to children's humour level. This measure of humour level has poor:

Accepted Answer

A)  test-retest reliability. 
B)  interrater reliability. 
C)  internal validity. 
D)  interrater validity. 
A)  test-retest reliability. 
B)  interrater reliability. 
C)  internal validity. 
D)  interrater validity.

Question 16

Kochanska and her colleagues probably chose to study toddlers' compliance with their mothers' requests with the methodology they used because:

Accepted Answer

A)  children tend to feel most comfortable in their own homes. 
B)  they wanted all children to be exposed to the identical situation. 
C)  they were interested in children's subjective experience of the event. 
D)  of all of these factors. 
A)  children tend to feel most comfortable in their own homes. 
B)  they wanted all children to be exposed to the identical situation. 
C)  they were interested in children's subjective experience of the event. 
D)  of all of these factors.

Question 17

Which expression is MOST likely to represent the correlation between age of child and reading speed among children who are able to read?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.00 
B)  .60 
C)  0 
D)  -.60 
A)  1.00 
B)  .60 
C)  0 
D)  -.60

Question 18

Groups created through random assignment should be comparable on all of these characteristics EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  socioeconomic status. 
B)  number of children in family. 
C)  IQ score. 
D)  experimental condition. 
A)  socioeconomic status. 
B)  number of children in family. 
C)  IQ score. 
D)  experimental condition.

Question 19

In Werner's Kauai study, among children who were born with prenatal or birth complications and adverse family circumstances:

Accepted Answer

A)  100% developed into young adults with serious problems. 
B)  about one-third demonstrated significant resilience, developing into typical young adults. 
C)  approximately 15% developed serious problems as young adults. 
D)  about two-thirds demonstrated some resilience with extra help from the school system. 
A)  100% developed into young adults with serious problems. 
B)  about one-third demonstrated significant resilience, developing into typical young adults. 
C)  approximately 15% developed serious problems as young adults. 
D)  about two-thirds demonstrated some resilience with extra help from the school system.

Question 20

In which data-gathering method do researchers try to remain unobtrusive?

Accepted Answer

A)  naturalistic interview 
B)  structured interview 
C)  naturalistic observation 
D)  structured observation 
A)  naturalistic interview 
B)  structured interview 
C)  naturalistic observation 
D)  structured observation

Exam 1: Section 2: An Introduction to Child Development

Stage theories regard development as:

A longitudinal design would be MOST useful for which research question?

Which activity is NOT a core component of effortful attention?

Which variable is LEAST likely to be an independent variable in an experiment?

Which item is a potential source of internal invalidity?

Which factor involved in a child's development is NOT an environmental factor?

Of the following problems, which is the greatest limitation of laboratory experiments?

Aaron is in 4th grade and comes from an economically disadvantaged home. Leo is in Aaron's class at school and comes from an average-income home. What difference between Aaron and Leo is likely to be observed?

Approximately what percentage of Canadian children who live with two parents are classified as coming from a low-income family?

Which statement about the troubled homes in Patterson's study is NOT true?

A researcher would be MOST likely to use a microgenetic design to examine which topic?

A class of 3rd-grade children is split into two groups through random assignment. Group A is given training in a new game, and Group B is not. Training in the new game is referred to as the _____ variable, and game-playing skill at the conclusion of the study is referred to as the _____ variable.

Which scenario provides the BEST example of how children actively contribute to their own development?

Kochanska and her colleagues probably chose to study toddlers' compliance with their mothers' requests with the methodology they used because:

Which expression is MOST likely to represent the correlation between age of child and reading speed among children who are able to read?

Groups created through random assignment should be comparable on all of these characteristics EXCEPT:

In Werner's Kauai study, among children who were born with prenatal or birth complications and adverse family circumstances:

In which data-gathering method do researchers try to remain unobtrusive?

Section 1: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 1: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 2: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 1: Biology and Behavior

Section 2: Biology and Behavior

Section 1: Theories of Cognitive Development

Section 2: Theories of Cognitive Development

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Section 1: Conceptual Development

Section 2: Conceptual Development

Section 1: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 2: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 1: Theories of Social Development

Section 2: Theories of Social Development

Section 1: Emotional Development

Section 2: Emotional Development

Section 1: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 2: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 1: The Family

Section 2: The Family

Section 1: Peer Relationship

Section 2: Peer Relationship

Section 1: Moral Development

Section 2: Moral Development

Section 1: Gender Development

Section 2: Gender Development

Section 1: Conclusions

Section 2: Conclusions

Filters

A class of 3rd-grade children is split into two groups through random assignment. Group A is given training in a new game, and Group B is not. Training in the new game is referred to as the _ variable, and game-playing skill at the conclusion of the study is referred to as the _ variable.