Question 1

Why does the fracture plane usually pass through the center of cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

A) Fracture planes are naturally attracted to lipids. 
B) Fracture planes take the path of least resistance through the block and the center of the membrane is such a path. 
C) Fracture planes are repelled by the cytoplasm and pushed toward the membrane. 
D) Fracture planes take the path of highest resistance through the block and the center of the membrane is such a path. 
E) Fracture planes are attracted to phospholipids tails,especially their ends,by their hydrophobicity. 
A) Fracture planes are naturally attracted to lipids. 
B) Fracture planes take the path of least resistance through the block and the center of the membrane is such a path. 
C) Fracture planes are repelled by the cytoplasm and pushed toward the membrane. 
D) Fracture planes take the path of highest resistance through the block and the center of the membrane is such a path. 
E) Fracture planes are attracted to phospholipids tails,especially their ends,by their hydrophobicity.

Question 2

How big are the sites recognized by most restriction enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A) 4 - 6 nucleotides 
B) 6 - 8 nucleotides 
C) 2 - 4 nucleotides 
D) 6 - 10 nucleotides 
E) 2 - 10 nucleotides 
A) 4 - 6 nucleotides 
B) 6 - 8 nucleotides 
C) 2 - 4 nucleotides 
D) 6 - 10 nucleotides 
E) 2 - 10 nucleotides

Question 3

Antibodies can distinguish between two polypeptides that differ by as little as __________.

Accepted Answer

A) one amino acid 
B) two amino acids 
C) five amino acids 
D) one nucleotide 
E) two nucleotides 
A) one amino acid 
B) two amino acids 
C) five amino acids 
D) one nucleotide 
E) two nucleotides

Question 4

What is used to separate DNA fragments in the cycle sequencing method of DNA sequencing in such a way that chains differing by only one nucleotide in length can be separated?

Accepted Answer

A) SDS-PAGE 
B) non-denaturing PAGE 
C) agarose gel electrophoresis 
D) electrophoresis on very thin capillary gels 
E) gel filtration chromatography 
A) SDS-PAGE 
B) non-denaturing PAGE 
C) agarose gel electrophoresis 
D) electrophoresis on very thin capillary gels 
E) gel filtration chromatography

Question 5

What is the name of the procedure in which proteins separated on a polyacrylamide gel are transferred with the application of a current to a nitrocellulose filter placed against the gel and subsequently identified by their interaction with specific antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A) a Southern blot 
B) a Northern blot 
C) an Eastern blot 
D) a Western blot 
E) an East Northeastern blot 
A) a Southern blot 
B) a Northern blot 
C) an Eastern blot 
D) a Western blot 
E) an East Northeastern blot

Question 6

Of what is the electron source of an electron microscope,the cathode,composed?

Accepted Answer

A) a tungsten wire filament 
B) an iron wire filament 
C) a titanium wire filament 
D) an iron spike filament 
E) a tungsten depressor filament 
A) a tungsten wire filament 
B) an iron wire filament 
C) a titanium wire filament 
D) an iron spike filament 
E) a tungsten depressor filament

Question 7

Where is RNA found after the ethanol precipitation step in the DNA isolation procedure?

Accepted Answer

A) at the interface between the aqueous and phenol phases 
B) in the aqueous phase 
C) in the phenol phase 
D) at the ethanol/saline interface 
E) settled in a flocculant precipitate at the bottom of the vessel 
A) at the interface between the aqueous and phenol phases 
B) in the aqueous phase 
C) in the phenol phase 
D) at the ethanol/saline interface 
E) settled in a flocculant precipitate at the bottom of the vessel

Question 8

In the PCR quantification procedure involving molecular beacons,what causes the fluorochrome to fluoresce?

Accepted Answer

A) The degradation of the reporter oligonucleotide by DNA polymerase endonuclease activity degrades the fluorochrome. 
B) The degradation of the reporter oligonucleotide by DNA polymerase exonuclease activity separates the fluorochrome from the quencher. 
C) The degradation of the reporter oligonucleotide by DNA polymerase exonuclease activity degrades the fluorochrome. 
D) The degradation of the reporter oligonucleotide by DNA polymerase endonuclease activity separates the fluorochrome from the quencher. 
E) DNA polymerase combines the fluorochrome and the quencher. 
A) The degradation of the reporter oligonucleotide by DNA polymerase endonuclease activity degrades the fluorochrome. 
B) The degradation of the reporter oligonucleotide by DNA polymerase exonuclease activity separates the fluorochrome from the quencher. 
C) The degradation of the reporter oligonucleotide by DNA polymerase exonuclease activity degrades the fluorochrome. 
D) The degradation of the reporter oligonucleotide by DNA polymerase endonuclease activity separates the fluorochrome from the quencher. 
E) DNA polymerase combines the fluorochrome and the quencher.

Question 9

In freeze-fracture methodology,the metal-carbon coating of the freeze-fracture specimen is viewed in the electron microscope after the tissue template has been thawed,removed and discarded.What is the name of the metal-carbon construct that is viewed in the scope?

Accepted Answer

A) a model 
B) a repeat 
C) a replica 
D) an object 
E) a metallica 
A) a model 
B) a repeat 
C) a replica 
D) an object 
E) a metallica

Question 10

Which part of a microscope uses the real,enlarged image formed by the objective lens in the column of the microscope and forms from it an enlarged,virtual image?

Accepted Answer

A) condenser lens 
B) the numerical aperture 
C) ocular lens 
D) iris 
E) focusing knob 
A) condenser lens 
B) the numerical aperture 
C) ocular lens 
D) iris 
E) focusing knob

Question 11

Non-denaturing gel electrophoresis (PAGE)has the disadvantage that it ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) separates solely on the basis of charge 
B) allows the detection of proteins in a gel by their biological activity 
C) separates on the basis of more than one property thus to some degree confusing the results 
D) separates solely on the basis of molecular weight 
E) separates on the basis of molecular weight and frictional coefficient 
A) separates solely on the basis of charge 
B) allows the detection of proteins in a gel by their biological activity 
C) separates on the basis of more than one property thus to some degree confusing the results 
D) separates solely on the basis of molecular weight 
E) separates on the basis of molecular weight and frictional coefficient

Question 12

Which of the following is a feature of "third generation" sequencers?

Accepted Answer

A) Sequencing of single molecules without amplification 
B) Generation of long reads of 1000 nucleotides or more 
C) Laser-based detection of nucleotide incorporation 
D) Identification of single nucleotides passing through nanopores 
E) All of the above 
A) Sequencing of single molecules without amplification 
B) Generation of long reads of 1000 nucleotides or more 
C) Laser-based detection of nucleotide incorporation 
D) Identification of single nucleotides passing through nanopores 
E) All of the above

Question 13

What part of a microscope is responsible for altering the relative distance between the specimen and the objective,thus focusing the final image precisely on the plane of the retina?

Accepted Answer

A) condenser lens 
B) objective lens 
C) ocular lens 
D) the iris 
E) focusing knob 
A) condenser lens 
B) objective lens 
C) ocular lens 
D) the iris 
E) focusing knob

Question 14

How are fragments already in a mass spectrometer further fragmented if this becomes necessary?

Accepted Answer

A) injection of pepsin 
B) injection of more trypsin 
C) collision of peptides with an inert gas 
D) collision of peptides with nitrogen gas 
E) collision of peptides with oxygen 
A) injection of pepsin 
B) injection of more trypsin 
C) collision of peptides with an inert gas 
D) collision of peptides with nitrogen gas 
E) collision of peptides with oxygen

Question 15

The fluorescence imaging method in which a focused laser beam scans across the specimen at a single depth is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching 
B) Laser scanning confocal microscopy 
C) Super-resolution microscopy 
D) Light sheet microscopy 
E) Fluorescence resonance energy transfer 
A) Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching 
B) Laser scanning confocal microscopy 
C) Super-resolution microscopy 
D) Light sheet microscopy 
E) Fluorescence resonance energy transfer

Question 16

In the molecular beacon procedure for quantifying a DNA or RNA template,what role does the quencher play?

Accepted Answer

A) It enhances fluorochrome fluorescence. 
B) It suppresses fluorochrome fluorescence. 
C) It inhibits exonuclease activity. 
D) It enhances exonuclease activity. 
E) It enhances endonuclease activity. 
A) It enhances fluorochrome fluorescence. 
B) It suppresses fluorochrome fluorescence. 
C) It inhibits exonuclease activity. 
D) It enhances exonuclease activity. 
E) It enhances endonuclease activity.

Question 17

What is defined as a technique for producing large quantities of a specific DNA sequence? One can make millions of copies of recombinant DNA in a short period of time from one or a few initial copies.

Accepted Answer

A) DNA reproduction 
B) DNA cloning 
C) DNA replication 
D) DNA transcription 
E) DNA copying 
A) DNA reproduction 
B) DNA cloning 
C) DNA replication 
D) DNA transcription 
E) DNA copying

Question 18

How are DNA molecules fragmented during sequencing procedures?

Accepted Answer

A) by acid hydrolysis 
B) by basic condensation 
C) using restriction enzymes 
D) using DNA polymerase I 
E) by sonicating the sample 
A) by acid hydrolysis 
B) by basic condensation 
C) using restriction enzymes 
D) using DNA polymerase I 
E) by sonicating the sample

Question 19

Which technique for detecting radioactivity is the best one for quantifying the amount of radioactivity in a specimen?

Accepted Answer

A) autoradiography 
B) an NMR machine 
C) liquid scintillation spectrometry 
D) mass spectrometry 
E) AFM 
A) autoradiography 
B) an NMR machine 
C) liquid scintillation spectrometry 
D) mass spectrometry 
E) AFM

Question 20

Under what set of circumstances will organelles move to the bottom of a centrifuge tube in a centrifugal field?

Accepted Answer

A) if the organelle is smaller than ribosomes 
B) if the organelle has too much fat content 
C) if the organelle is less dense than the surrounding medium 
D) if the organelle is more dense than the surrounding medium 
E) if the organelle has less fat content than the surrounding medium 
A) if the organelle is smaller than ribosomes 
B) if the organelle has too much fat content 
C) if the organelle is less dense than the surrounding medium 
D) if the organelle is more dense than the surrounding medium 
E) if the organelle has less fat content than the surrounding medium

Why does the fracture plane usually pass through the center of cell membranes?

How big are the sites recognized by most restriction enzymes?

Antibodies can distinguish between two polypeptides that differ by as little as __________.

What is used to separate DNA fragments in the cycle sequencing method of DNA sequencing in such a way that chains differing by only one nucleotide in length can be separated?

What is the name of the procedure in which proteins separated on a polyacrylamide gel are transferred with the application of a current to a nitrocellulose filter placed against the gel and subsequently identified by their interaction with specific antibodies?

Of what is the electron source of an electron microscope,the cathode,composed?

Where is RNA found after the ethanol precipitation step in the DNA isolation procedure?

In the PCR quantification procedure involving molecular beacons,what causes the fluorochrome to fluoresce?

In freeze-fracture methodology,the metal-carbon coating of the freeze-fracture specimen is viewed in the electron microscope after the tissue template has been thawed,removed and discarded.What is the name of the metal-carbon construct that is viewed in the scope?

Which part of a microscope uses the real,enlarged image formed by the objective lens in the column of the microscope and forms from it an enlarged,virtual image?

Non-denaturing gel electrophoresis (PAGE)has the disadvantage that it ____________.

Which of the following is a feature of "third generation" sequencers?

What part of a microscope is responsible for altering the relative distance between the specimen and the objective,thus focusing the final image precisely on the plane of the retina?

How are fragments already in a mass spectrometer further fragmented if this becomes necessary?

The fluorescence imaging method in which a focused laser beam scans across the specimen at a single depth is known as:

In the molecular beacon procedure for quantifying a DNA or RNA template,what role does the quencher play?

What is defined as a technique for producing large quantities of a specific DNA sequence? One can make millions of copies of recombinant DNA in a short period of time from one or a few initial copies.

How are DNA molecules fragmented during sequencing procedures?

Which technique for detecting radioactivity is the best one for quantifying the amount of radioactivity in a specimen?

Under what set of circumstances will organelles move to the bottom of a centrifuge tube in a centrifugal field?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics,enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Filters

Exam 18: Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Why does the fracture plane usually pass through the center of cell membranes?

How big are the sites recognized by most restriction enzymes?

Antibodies can distinguish between two polypeptides that differ by as little as __________.

What is used to separate DNA fragments in the cycle sequencing method of DNA sequencing in such a way that chains differing by only one nucleotide in length can be separated?

What is the name of the procedure in which proteins separated on a polyacrylamide gel are transferred with the application of a current to a nitrocellulose filter placed against the gel and subsequently identified by their interaction with specific antibodies?

Of what is the electron source of an electron microscope,the cathode,composed?

Where is RNA found after the ethanol precipitation step in the DNA isolation procedure?

In the PCR quantification procedure involving molecular beacons,what causes the fluorochrome to fluoresce?

In freeze-fracture methodology,the metal-carbon coating of the freeze-fracture specimen is viewed in the electron microscope after the tissue template has been thawed,removed and discarded.What is the name of the metal-carbon construct that is viewed in the scope?

Which part of a microscope uses the real,enlarged image formed by the objective lens in the column of the microscope and forms from it an enlarged,virtual image?

Non-denaturing gel electrophoresis (PAGE)has the disadvantage that it ____________.

Which of the following is a feature of "third generation" sequencers?

What part of a microscope is responsible for altering the relative distance between the specimen and the objective,thus focusing the final image precisely on the plane of the retina?

How are fragments already in a mass spectrometer further fragmented if this becomes necessary?

The fluorescence imaging method in which a focused laser beam scans across the specimen at a single depth is known as:

In the molecular beacon procedure for quantifying a DNA or RNA template,what role does the quencher play?

What is defined as a technique for producing large quantities of a specific DNA sequence? One can make millions of copies of recombinant DNA in a short period of time from one or a few initial copies.

How are DNA molecules fragmented during sequencing procedures?

Which technique for detecting radioactivity is the best one for quantifying the amount of radioactivity in a specimen?

Under what set of circumstances will organelles move to the bottom of a centrifuge tube in a centrifugal field?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics,enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Filters