Question 1

Epithelial cells lining the small intestine have surface projections that increase the rate of nutrient absorption. These projections are called

Accepted Answer

A)  villi. 
B)  cilia. 
C)  microvilli. 
D)  parietal cells. 
A)  villi. 
B)  cilia. 
C)  microvilli. 
D)  parietal cells. C

Question 2

Which of the following diseases is associated with obesity?

Accepted Answer

A)  chicken pox 
B)  multiple sclerosis 
C)  cardiovascular disease 
D)  rheumatoid arthritis 
A)  chicken pox 
B)  multiple sclerosis 
C)  cardiovascular disease 
D)  rheumatoid arthritis C

Question 3

When taken by pregnant women, ________ decreases the chance of neural tube defects in infants.

Accepted Answer

A)  folic acid 
B)  vitamin C 
C)  vitamin K 
D)  calcium 
A)  folic acid 
B)  vitamin C 
C)  vitamin K 
D)  calcium A

Question 4

Digestion is the

Accepted Answer

A)  absorption of nutrients suspended in water. 
B)  conversion of glycogen to glucose. 
C)  breakdown of food into molecules small enough for the body to absorb. 
D)  churning of food in the stomach and intestine. 
A)  absorption of nutrients suspended in water. 
B)  conversion of glycogen to glucose. 
C)  breakdown of food into molecules small enough for the body to absorb. 
D)  churning of food in the stomach and intestine.

Question 5

Which of the following statements regarding metabolism is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The basal metabolic rate is the amount of energy an animal needs just to stay alive; it does not include the energy needed for activities. 
B)  Cells usually use carbohydrates and fats as fuel sources. 
C)  Humans store some extra energy in the form of glycogen reserves in the pancreas and spleen. 
D)  The average basal metabolic rate is 1,300-1,500 kcal per day for females and 1,600-1,800 kcal per day for males. 
A)  The basal metabolic rate is the amount of energy an animal needs just to stay alive; it does not include the energy needed for activities. 
B)  Cells usually use carbohydrates and fats as fuel sources. 
C)  Humans store some extra energy in the form of glycogen reserves in the pancreas and spleen. 
D)  The average basal metabolic rate is 1,300-1,500 kcal per day for females and 1,600-1,800 kcal per day for males.

Question 6

The parietal cells of the stomach are responsible for producing

Accepted Answer

A)  mucus. 
B)  pepsin. 
C)  hydrochloric acid. 
D)  bile. 
A)  mucus. 
B)  pepsin. 
C)  hydrochloric acid. 
D)  bile.

Question 7

The mucus-producing cells that line the stomach

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the surface area of the stomach for faster digestion. 
B)  stimulate production of hydrochloric acid. 
C)  lubricate and protect the stomach lining. 
D)  move food upward in the stomach to prolong digestion. 
A)  increase the surface area of the stomach for faster digestion. 
B)  stimulate production of hydrochloric acid. 
C)  lubricate and protect the stomach lining. 
D)  move food upward in the stomach to prolong digestion.

Question 8

The rate of energy consumption by an animal is called

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolism. 
B)  digestion. 
C)  metabolic rate. 
D)  glycolysis. 
A)  metabolism. 
B)  digestion. 
C)  metabolic rate. 
D)  glycolysis.

Question 9

The data in the accompanying table came from a study where adults reported their dietary intake and researchers measured their BMIs to measure obesity rates. The results seem to suggest that low-carbohydrate diets are associated with lower body weights. However, this is a case of correlation and not causation. Therefore, what else could possibly explain these results?

Accepted Answer

A)  The people who ate the most carbohydrates exercised more than the other groups. 
B)  The people who ate the least carbohydrates exercised more than the other groups. 
C)  The people who ate the most carbohydrates took more vitamins than the other groups. 
D)  The people who ate the least carbohydrates took more vitamins than the other groups. 
A)  The people who ate the most carbohydrates exercised more than the other groups. 
B)  The people who ate the least carbohydrates exercised more than the other groups. 
C)  The people who ate the most carbohydrates took more vitamins than the other groups. 
D)  The people who ate the least carbohydrates took more vitamins than the other groups.

Question 10

-According to the accompanying figure, which amino acid is found in corn but not in beans?

Accepted Answer

A)  methionine 
B)  valine 
C)  threonine 
D)  lysine 
A)  methionine 
B)  valine 
C)  threonine 
D)  lysine

Question 11

Which of these teeth is an incisor?

Accepted Answer

A)  tooth A 
B)  tooth B 
C)  tooth C 
D)  tooth D 
A)  tooth A 
B)  tooth B 
C)  tooth C 
D)  tooth D

Question 12

Which arrow shows the release of digestive enzymes by the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

A)  arrow A 
B)  arrow B 
C)  arrow C 
D)  arrow D 
A)  arrow A 
B)  arrow B 
C)  arrow C 
D)  arrow D

Question 13

The structure of the esophagus fits its function in that

Accepted Answer

A)  it can direct food to the lungs or stomach. 
B)  it has smooth muscle for peristalsis. 
C)  it is regulated by contractions in the pharynx. 
D)  its length determines the volume of food an animal can ingest. 
A)  it can direct food to the lungs or stomach. 
B)  it has smooth muscle for peristalsis. 
C)  it is regulated by contractions in the pharynx. 
D)  its length determines the volume of food an animal can ingest.

Question 14

Which of the following organisms has a gastrovascular cavity?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydra 
B)  earthworm 
C)  clam 
D)  bird 
A)  hydra 
B)  earthworm 
C)  clam 
D)  bird

Question 15

Altogether, the body secretes about 7 liters of water into the alimentary canal each day. About what percentage of this water gets reabsorbed?

Accepted Answer

A)  30% 
B)  50% 
C)  75% 
D)  90% 
A)  30% 
B)  50% 
C)  75% 
D)  90%

Question 16

Through chemical digestion, nucleic acids are broken down into

Accepted Answer

A)  fatty acids. 
B)  monosaccharides. 
C)  nucleotides. 
D)  amino acids. 
A)  fatty acids. 
B)  monosaccharides. 
C)  nucleotides. 
D)  amino acids.

Question 17

Which of the following vitamins is fat-soluble and, consequently, can be stored in body fat?

Accepted Answer

A)  biotin 
B)  pantothenic acid 
C)  niacin 
D)  K 
A)  biotin 
B)  pantothenic acid 
C)  niacin 
D)  K

Question 18

Which of the following is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  high levels of HDL 
B)  high levels of LDL 
C)  high consumption of trans fats 
D)  high consumption of dietary cholesterol 
A)  high levels of HDL 
B)  high levels of LDL 
C)  high consumption of trans fats 
D)  high consumption of dietary cholesterol

Question 19

The essential amino acids

Accepted Answer

A)  must be obtained from the food we eat. 
B)  are found only in green, leafy vegetables. 
C)  are essential as an energy source. 
D)  are required for making nucleic acids. 
A)  must be obtained from the food we eat. 
B)  are found only in green, leafy vegetables. 
C)  are essential as an energy source. 
D)  are required for making nucleic acids.

Question 20

Through chemical digestion, polysaccharides are broken down into

Accepted Answer

A)  fatty acids. 
B)  monosaccharides. 
C)  nucleotides. 
D)  amino acids. 
A)  fatty acids. 
B)  monosaccharides. 
C)  nucleotides. 
D)  amino acids.

Exam 21: Nutrition and Digestion

Epithelial cells lining the small intestine have surface projections that increase the rate of nutrient absorption. These projections are called

Which of the following diseases is associated with obesity?

When taken by pregnant women, ________ decreases the chance of neural tube defects in infants.

Digestion is the

Which of the following statements regarding metabolism is false?

The parietal cells of the stomach are responsible for producing

The mucus-producing cells that line the stomach

The rate of energy consumption by an animal is called

-According to the accompanying figure, which amino acid is found in corn but not in beans?

Which of these teeth is an incisor?

Which arrow shows the release of digestive enzymes by the pancreas?

The structure of the esophagus fits its function in that

Which of the following organisms has a gastrovascular cavity?

Altogether, the body secretes about 7 liters of water into the alimentary canal each day. About what percentage of this water gets reabsorbed?

Through chemical digestion, nucleic acids are broken down into

Which of the following vitamins is fat-soluble and, consequently, can be stored in body fat?

Which of the following is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease?

The essential amino acids

Through chemical digestion, polysaccharides are broken down into

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Gas Exchange

Circulation

The Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

The Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

The Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

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