Question 1

Which of the following helps activate our innate immune system?

Accepted Answer

A)  active immunity 
B)  inflammation 
C)  passive immunity 
A)  active immunity 
B)  inflammation 
C)  passive immunity B

Question 2

The complement system can be activated by

Accepted Answer

A)  inflammatory mediators. 
B)  antigen-antibody complexes. 
C)  B cell plasma membrane. 
D)  T cells. 
A)  inflammatory mediators. 
B)  antigen-antibody complexes. 
C)  B cell plasma membrane. 
D)  T cells. B

Question 3

Which of the following statements regarding antigens and antibodies is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  An antibody usually recognizes and binds to an antigenic determinant. 
B)  A single antigen may stimulate the immune system to make several distinct antibodies to it. 
C)  Most antigens are proteins or large polysaccharides on the surfaces of viruses or foreign cells. 
D)  Each antibody has only one antigen-binding site. 
A)  An antibody usually recognizes and binds to an antigenic determinant. 
B)  A single antigen may stimulate the immune system to make several distinct antibodies to it. 
C)  Most antigens are proteins or large polysaccharides on the surfaces of viruses or foreign cells. 
D)  Each antibody has only one antigen-binding site. D

Question 4

While hiking, you must push aside thick branches that are near your face. One of them rips the skin on your arm and you begin to bleed from the cut. Which of the following plays an important role in initially protecting you from infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  nonspecific antibodies 
B)  barriers such as dead skin cells and mucus because they are part of the innate immune system 
C)  increased production of certain hormones and changes in microcirculation 
D)  memory cells because they are part of the adaptive immune system 
A)  nonspecific antibodies 
B)  barriers such as dead skin cells and mucus because they are part of the innate immune system 
C)  increased production of certain hormones and changes in microcirculation 
D)  memory cells because they are part of the adaptive immune system

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the humoral immune response is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The humoral immune response defends against bacteria and viruses by activating T cells. 
B)  The humoral immune response defends primarily against bacteria and viruses present in body fluids. 
C)  The humoral immune response plays a major role in protecting the body from cancerous cells. 
D)  The humoral immune response is the result of macrophages producing antibodies. 
A)  The humoral immune response defends against bacteria and viruses by activating T cells. 
B)  The humoral immune response defends primarily against bacteria and viruses present in body fluids. 
C)  The humoral immune response plays a major role in protecting the body from cancerous cells. 
D)  The humoral immune response is the result of macrophages producing antibodies.

Question 6

Which of the following diseases is thought to be an autoimmune disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  cancer of the bone marrow 
B)  insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus 
C)  measles and mumps 
D)  peptic ulcer disease 
A)  cancer of the bone marrow 
B)  insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus 
C)  measles and mumps 
D)  peptic ulcer disease

Question 7

Mononucleosis ("mono") is usually caused by EBV, or the Epstein-Barr virus. Mono is more common in children than in adults because adults usually have developed ________ toward the virus.

Accepted Answer

A)  innate immunity 
B)  adaptive immunity 
C)  passive immunity 
A)  innate immunity 
B)  adaptive immunity 
C)  passive immunity

Question 8

Complement proteins can do all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  enhance phagocytosis by innate immune cells by attaching to cell invaders. 
B)  help trigger the inflammatory response. 
C)  attack cancer and virus-infected cells after they are released by natural killer cells. 
D)  act as chemical signals to recruit more immune cells to the site of infection. 
A)  enhance phagocytosis by innate immune cells by attaching to cell invaders. 
B)  help trigger the inflammatory response. 
C)  attack cancer and virus-infected cells after they are released by natural killer cells. 
D)  act as chemical signals to recruit more immune cells to the site of infection.

Question 9

You have been running a high fever, have stomach cramps, and have felt weak and disoriented for 5 days, so you set up an appointment with your physician. After asking you a few questions, she starts a physical examination by probing for swollen areas in your abdomen. You immediately sense that she is looking for

Accepted Answer

A)  lymph nodes. 
B)  histamines. 
C)  antibodies. 
D)  antigens. 
A)  lymph nodes. 
B)  histamines. 
C)  antibodies. 
D)  antigens.

Question 10

Clonal selection

Accepted Answer

A)  determines the pool of mature leukocytes that will be stimulated by macrophages. 
B)  requires the activation of natural killer cells. 
C)  describes the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes after they have been activated by an antigen. 
D)  requires the presence and activation of complement. 
A)  determines the pool of mature leukocytes that will be stimulated by macrophages. 
B)  requires the activation of natural killer cells. 
C)  describes the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes after they have been activated by an antigen. 
D)  requires the presence and activation of complement.

Question 11

Before traveling to different countries, you may be vaccinated against diseases that you may not normally encounter in your home country. Suppose that you are going to travel to a country that experiences a smallpox outbreak. While you have traveled to this country in the past and thus have received smallpox vaccine, you are required to get a second smallpox vaccine in order to fully protect you from smallpox.
-The first vaccination provides immunity because

Accepted Answer

A)  a localized inflammatory response is initiated. 
B)  the vaccine contains manufactured antibodies against smallpox. 
C)  antigenic determinants in the vaccine activate B cells, which form memory cells. 
D)  the vaccine contains antibiotics and other drugs that kill the smallpox virus. 
A)  a localized inflammatory response is initiated. 
B)  the vaccine contains manufactured antibodies against smallpox. 
C)  antigenic determinants in the vaccine activate B cells, which form memory cells. 
D)  the vaccine contains antibiotics and other drugs that kill the smallpox virus.

Question 12

Upon which of the following is passive immunity dependent?

Accepted Answer

A)  a person's own immune system producing antibodies 
B)  antibodies made by another organism 
C)  antibody-producing cells from another organism 
D)  antigens from a person's own body 
A)  a person's own immune system producing antibodies 
B)  antibodies made by another organism 
C)  antibody-producing cells from another organism 
D)  antigens from a person's own body

Question 13

Which of the following describes a complete defense system?

Accepted Answer

A)  antibodies of the adaptive humoral immune response and interferons 
B)  antibodies of the adaptive humoral immune response and components of innate immunity 
C)  phagocytosis only 
D)  complement system only 
A)  antibodies of the adaptive humoral immune response and interferons 
B)  antibodies of the adaptive humoral immune response and components of innate immunity 
C)  phagocytosis only 
D)  complement system only

Question 14

Which of the following are antigens? 1. toxins
2) chemicals
3) foreign particles (for example, splinters)
4) drugs

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, and 3 only 
B)  2 and 3 only 
C)  1 and 4 only 
D)  1, 2, 3, 4 
A)  1, 2, and 3 only 
B)  2 and 3 only 
C)  1 and 4 only 
D)  1, 2, 3, 4

Question 15

Herd immunity fails if at least what percentage of a population is unvaccinated?

Accepted Answer

A)  1% 
B)  5% 
C)  10% 
D)  20% 
A)  1% 
B)  5% 
C)  10% 
D)  20%

Question 16

The adaptive immune system is capable of mounting specific responses to particular microorganisms because

Accepted Answer

A)  lymphocytes are able to change their antigen specificity as required to fight infection. 
B)  stem cells determine which type of B and T cells to make. 
C)  the body contains an enormous diversity of lymphocytes, each with the ability to respond to a different antigen. 
D)  stem cells make different antigen receptors depending on the invading microorganism. 
A)  lymphocytes are able to change their antigen specificity as required to fight infection. 
B)  stem cells determine which type of B and T cells to make. 
C)  the body contains an enormous diversity of lymphocytes, each with the ability to respond to a different antigen. 
D)  stem cells make different antigen receptors depending on the invading microorganism.

Question 17

HIV is a virus that is particularly difficult to eradicate

Accepted Answer

A)  because of the size of its DNA genome. 
B)  because it rarely mutates. 
C)  because after it mutates it can be resistant to drugs. 
D)  due to its small size. 
A)  because of the size of its DNA genome. 
B)  because it rarely mutates. 
C)  because after it mutates it can be resistant to drugs. 
D)  due to its small size.

Question 18

What type of cell helps to stimulate B cells to produce antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A)  mast cell 
B)  cytotoxic T cell 
C)  helper T cell 
D)  macrophage 
A)  mast cell 
B)  cytotoxic T cell 
C)  helper T cell 
D)  macrophage

Question 19

Which of the possible following results would support the hypothesis that higher anti-HPV antibody levels are correlated with increased protection from HPV-related cancers?

Accepted Answer

A)  People who have been vaccinated against HPV are diagnosed with cancer at similar rates as people who have not been vaccinated against HPV. 
B)  People who have been vaccinated twice against HPV are diagnosed with cancer at lower rates than people who have only been vaccinated once against HPV. 
C)  People who have not been vaccinated against HPV are diagnosed with cancer at lower rates than people who have been vaccinated against HPV. 
A)  People who have been vaccinated against HPV are diagnosed with cancer at similar rates as people who have not been vaccinated against HPV. 
B)  People who have been vaccinated twice against HPV are diagnosed with cancer at lower rates than people who have only been vaccinated once against HPV. 
C)  People who have not been vaccinated against HPV are diagnosed with cancer at lower rates than people who have been vaccinated against HPV.

Question 20

Which of the following is an immediate effect of histamine release?

Accepted Answer

A)  dilation of local blood vessels 
B)  blocking of a response to ragweed pollen 
C)  decrease in heart rate 
D)  increase in blood pressure 
A)  dilation of local blood vessels 
B)  blocking of a response to ragweed pollen 
C)  decrease in heart rate 
D)  increase in blood pressure

Exam 24: The Immune System

Which of the following helps activate our innate immune system?

The complement system can be activated by

Which of the following statements regarding antigens and antibodies is false?

While hiking, you must push aside thick branches that are near your face. One of them rips the skin on your arm and you begin to bleed from the cut. Which of the following plays an important role in initially protecting you from infection?

Which of the following statements about the humoral immune response is true?

Which of the following diseases is thought to be an autoimmune disease?

Mononucleosis ("mono") is usually caused by EBV, or the Epstein-Barr virus. Mono is more common in children than in adults because adults usually have developed ________ toward the virus.

Complement proteins can do all of the following except

Clonal selection

Upon which of the following is passive immunity dependent?

Which of the following describes a complete defense system?

Which of the following are antigens? 1. toxins 2) chemicals 3) foreign particles (for example, splinters) 4) drugs

Herd immunity fails if at least what percentage of a population is unvaccinated?

The adaptive immune system is capable of mounting specific responses to particular microorganisms because

HIV is a virus that is particularly difficult to eradicate

What type of cell helps to stimulate B cells to produce antibodies?

Which of the possible following results would support the hypothesis that higher anti-HPV antibody levels are correlated with increased protection from HPV-related cancers?

Which of the following is an immediate effect of histamine release?

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The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

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Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

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Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

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How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

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Control Systems in Plants

The Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

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