Question 1

What type of inheritance fits the data in this pedigree?

Accepted Answer

A)  sex-linked dominant 
B)  autosomal recessive 
C)  autosomal dominant 
A)  sex-linked dominant 
B)  autosomal recessive 
C)  autosomal dominant B

Question 2

Linked genes generally

Accepted Answer

A)  do not follow the laws of independent assortment. 
B)  show incomplete dominance. 
C)  reflect a pattern of codominance. 
D)  show pleiotropy. 
A)  do not follow the laws of independent assortment. 
B)  show incomplete dominance. 
C)  reflect a pattern of codominance. 
D)  show pleiotropy. A

Question 3

For most sexually reproducing organisms, Mendel's laws

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot strictly account for the patterns of inheritance of many traits. 
B)  explain the biological mechanisms behind why certain genes are dominant or recessive. 
C)  help us understand the global geographic patterns of genetic disease. 
D)  can predict whether offspring will be male or female with 100% accuracy. 
A)  cannot strictly account for the patterns of inheritance of many traits. 
B)  explain the biological mechanisms behind why certain genes are dominant or recessive. 
C)  help us understand the global geographic patterns of genetic disease. 
D)  can predict whether offspring will be male or female with 100% accuracy. A

Question 4

In regard to the baby's colorblindness, a sex-linked recessive trait, you explain that

Accepted Answer

A)  colorblindness often appears randomly, even if neither parent is colorblind. 
B)  the baby's father must have a recessive allele for colorblindness. 
C)  since colorblindness is sex-linked, a son can inherit colorblindness if his mother has the recessive colorblindness allele. 
D)  the eggs must have been accidentally switched, since males inherit sex-linked traits only from their fathers. 
A)  colorblindness often appears randomly, even if neither parent is colorblind. 
B)  the baby's father must have a recessive allele for colorblindness. 
C)  since colorblindness is sex-linked, a son can inherit colorblindness if his mother has the recessive colorblindness allele. 
D)  the eggs must have been accidentally switched, since males inherit sex-linked traits only from their fathers.

Question 5

The expression of both alleles for a trait in a heterozygous individual illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  codominance. 
B)  pleiotropy. 
C)  polygenic inheritance. 
A)  codominance. 
B)  pleiotropy. 
C)  polygenic inheritance.

Question 6

Shown here is a representation of a portion of a pair of schmoos chromosomes. $\begin{array}{c}
\begin{array}{l|ll}
  \text {Centromere  } & \text { light hair }  \
& \text {  red eyes  } &\
& \text { short arms } &\
 &\text {   short legs} &\
\end{array}
\begin{array}{l|ll}
  \text {Centromere  } & \text {dark hair}\
& \text {pink eyes}\
& \text {long arms}\
& \text {long legs} 
\end{array}

\end{array}$
. Crossing over would probably be most frequent between

Accepted Answer

A)  hair and legs. 
B)  hair and eyes. 
C)  eyes and legs. 
D)  eyes and arms. 
A)  hair and legs. 
B)  hair and eyes. 
C)  eyes and legs. 
D)  eyes and arms.

Question 7

Given the sex determination system in bees, we can expect that

Accepted Answer

A)  female bees will produce eggs by meiosis, whereas male bees will produce sperm by mitosis. 
B)  female bees will produce eggs by mitosis, whereas male bees will produce sperm by meiosis. 
C)  male and female bees will produce sperm and eggs by meiosis. 
D)  male and female bees will produce sperm and eggs by mitosis. 
A)  female bees will produce eggs by meiosis, whereas male bees will produce sperm by mitosis. 
B)  female bees will produce eggs by mitosis, whereas male bees will produce sperm by meiosis. 
C)  male and female bees will produce sperm and eggs by meiosis. 
D)  male and female bees will produce sperm and eggs by mitosis.

Question 8

All the offspring of a cross between a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant have pink flowers. This means that the allele for red flowers is ________ to the allele for white flowers.

Accepted Answer

A)  dominant 
B)  codominant 
C)  incompletely dominant 
D)  recessive 
A)  dominant 
B)  codominant 
C)  incompletely dominant 
D)  recessive

Question 9

Sex-linked conditions are more common in men than in women because

Accepted Answer

A)  men acquire two copies of the defective gene during fertilization. 
B)  men need to inherit only one copy of the recessive allele for the condition to be fully expressed. 
C)  the sex chromosomes are more active in men than in women. 
D)  most genes associated with the sex-linked conditions are linked to the Y chromosome, which determines maleness. 
A)  men acquire two copies of the defective gene during fertilization. 
B)  men need to inherit only one copy of the recessive allele for the condition to be fully expressed. 
C)  the sex chromosomes are more active in men than in women. 
D)  most genes associated with the sex-linked conditions are linked to the Y chromosome, which determines maleness.

Question 10

Genes located close together on the same chromosomes are referred to as ________ genes and generally ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  linked; sort independently during meiosis 
B)  homologous; are inherited together 
C)  linked; do not sort independently during meiosis 
D)  codependent; do not sort independently during meiosis 
A)  linked; sort independently during meiosis 
B)  homologous; are inherited together 
C)  linked; do not sort independently during meiosis 
D)  codependent; do not sort independently during meiosis

Question 11

You are trying to determine the linkage map of a series of genes, X, Y, and Z, from Caenorhabditis elegans, a nematode worm commonly used in scientific research. From doing several crossover experiments, you know that the recombination frequency between X and Y is 11.5%, between Y and Z is 13%, and between X and Z is 25%. What is a possible sequence of these genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  X-Z-Y 
B)  Y-Z-X 
C)  Z-X-Y 
D)  X-Y-Z 
A)  X-Z-Y 
B)  Y-Z-X 
C)  Z-X-Y 
D)  X-Y-Z

Question 12

The individual features of all organisms are the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  genetics. 
B)  the environment. 
C)  the environment and individual needs. 
D)  genetics and the environment. 
A)  genetics. 
B)  the environment. 
C)  the environment and individual needs. 
D)  genetics and the environment.

Question 13

During a summer study abroad program, you traveled to Austria to study genetics at the University of Vienna. While you were there, a momentous discovery was made: Some of Gregor Mendel's original lab books and notes were found to be buried outside of the abbey where he lived. It just so happened that the professor you were working with obtained copies of these notes and enlisted your help to decipher them.
You hired a translator to translate Mendel's notes from Czech to English, and using your knowledge of modern genetics (which Mendel did not have!) you were able to construct a partial Punnett square (shown here). Because the notebook was damaged from being buried for so long, this is the only information that you have regarding a cross that Mendel must have performed. Your professor has tasked you with figuring out more about this experiment.
  
-In pea plants, round peas are dominant (R) and shriveled peas are recessive (r), and yellow peas (shown as light gray in the Punnett square) are dominant (Y) and green peas (dark gray) are recessive (y). Using this information and the partial Punnett square shown, what phenotype should be in the square labeled B?

Accepted Answer

A)  round and yellow 
B)  shriveled and yellow 
C)  shriveled and green 
D)  round and green 
A)  round and yellow 
B)  shriveled and yellow 
C)  shriveled and green 
D)  round and green

Question 14

Assuming that the probability of having a female child is 50% and the probability of having a male child is also 50%, what is the probability that a couple's first-born child will be female and that their second-born child will be male?

Accepted Answer

A)  20% 
B)  25% 
C)  50% 
D)  75% 
A)  20% 
B)  25% 
C)  50% 
D)  75%

Question 15

Which of the following statements regarding cross-breeding and hybridization is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The offspring of two different varieties are called hybrids. 
B)  The parental plants of a cross are the P generation. 
C)  The hybrid offspring of a cross are the P1 generation. 
D)  The hybrid offspring of an F1 cross are the F2 generation. 
A)  The offspring of two different varieties are called hybrids. 
B)  The parental plants of a cross are the P generation. 
C)  The hybrid offspring of a cross are the P1 generation. 
D)  The hybrid offspring of an F1 cross are the F2 generation.

Question 16

You conduct a dihybrid cross. A ________ ratio would make you suspect that the genes are linked.

Accepted Answer

A)  3:1 
B)  1:1:1:1 
C)  12:1:1:4 
D)  9:3:3:1 
A)  3:1 
B)  1:1:1:1 
C)  12:1:1:4 
D)  9:3:3:1

Question 17

Most people afflicted with recessive disorders are born to parents who were

Accepted Answer

A)  both affected by the disease. 
B)  not affected at all by the disease. 
C)  slightly affected by the disease, showing some but not all of the symptoms. 
D)  subjected to some environmental toxin that caused the disease in their children. 
A)  both affected by the disease. 
B)  not affected at all by the disease. 
C)  slightly affected by the disease, showing some but not all of the symptoms. 
D)  subjected to some environmental toxin that caused the disease in their children.

Question 18

Using a six-sided die, what is the probability of rolling either a 5 or a 6?

Accepted Answer

A)  1/6 × 1/6 = 1/36 
B)  1/6 + 1/6 = 1/3 
C)  1/6 + 1/6 = 2/3 
A)  1/6 × 1/6 = 1/36 
B)  1/6 + 1/6 = 1/3 
C)  1/6 + 1/6 = 2/3

Question 19

Which of the following statements regarding prenatal testing is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Results from chorionic villus sampling come faster than those from amniocentesis. 
B)  Chorionic villus sampling is typically performed later in the pregnancy than amniocentesis. 
C)  Ultrasound imaging has no known risk. 
D)  Chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis are usually reserved for pregnancies with higher than usual risks of complications. 
A)  Results from chorionic villus sampling come faster than those from amniocentesis. 
B)  Chorionic villus sampling is typically performed later in the pregnancy than amniocentesis. 
C)  Ultrasound imaging has no known risk. 
D)  Chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis are usually reserved for pregnancies with higher than usual risks of complications.

Question 20

Varieties of plants in which self-fertilization produces offspring that are identical to the parents are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  hybrids. 
B)  the F2 generation. 
C)  monohybrid crosses. 
D)  true-breeding. 
A)  hybrids. 
B)  the F2 generation. 
C)  monohybrid crosses. 
D)  true-breeding.

Exam 9: Patterns of Inheritance

What type of inheritance fits the data in this pedigree?

Linked genes generally

For most sexually reproducing organisms, Mendel's laws

In regard to the baby's colorblindness, a sex-linked recessive trait, you explain that

The expression of both alleles for a trait in a heterozygous individual illustrates

Shown here is a representation of a portion of a pair of schmoos chromosomes. Centromere light hair red eyes short arms short legs Centromere dark hair pink eyes long arms long legs . Crossing over would probably be most frequent between

Given the sex determination system in bees, we can expect that

All the offspring of a cross between a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant have pink flowers. This means that the allele for red flowers is ________ to the allele for white flowers.

Sex-linked conditions are more common in men than in women because

Genes located close together on the same chromosomes are referred to as ________ genes and generally ________.

The individual features of all organisms are the result of

Assuming that the probability of having a female child is 50% and the probability of having a male child is also 50%, what is the probability that a couple's first-born child will be female and that their second-born child will be male?

Which of the following statements regarding cross-breeding and hybridization is false?

You conduct a dihybrid cross. A ________ ratio would make you suspect that the genes are linked.

Most people afflicted with recessive disorders are born to parents who were

Using a six-sided die, what is the probability of rolling either a 5 or a 6?

Which of the following statements regarding prenatal testing is false?

Varieties of plants in which self-fertilization produces offspring that are identical to the parents are referred to as

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

The Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

The Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

The Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

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Genes located close together on the same chromosomes are referred to as genes and generally .