Exam 41: Species Interactions

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below. The effect of invasive species on the diversity of communities can be large, and protecting native communities from the invasion of non-native species is often a priority for conservation. You conduct an experiment to study how the impact that invasive plant species have on the diversity of plant communities varies as a function of distance from the source of the invasive species. In this experiment, you create five communities with equal numbers of three native plant species at the beginning. Each of these communities is located at increasing distances from a large patch of an invasive species. You and your research assistant return 1 year later to measure the relative abundance of each species. The results are shown in the table. Relative Abundance -The biological hypothesis for your experiment is based on the model of island biogeography. What is the independent variable of your experiment?

Species richness increases

Elephants are not the most dominant species in African grasslands, yet they influence community structure. The grasslands contain scattered woody plants, but they are kept in check by the uprooting activities of the elephants. If the elephants are taken away, the grasslands convert to forests or to shrublands. The newly growing forests support fewer species than the previous grasslands. Which of the following describes why elephants are the keystone species in this scenario?

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below. The effect of invasive species on the diversity of communities can be large, and protecting native communities from the invasion of non-native species is often a priority for conservation. You conduct an experiment to study how the impact that invasive plant species have on the diversity of plant communities varies as a function of distance from the source of the invasive species. In this experiment, you create five communities with equal numbers of three native plant species at the beginning. Each of these communities is located at increasing distances from a large patch of an invasive species. You and your research assistant return 1 year later to measure the relative abundance of each species. The results are shown in the table. Relative Abundance -How would you calculate the final Shannon diversity index for each community?

Dwarf mistletoes are flowering plants that grow on certain forest trees. They obtain nutrients and water from the vascular tissues of the trees. The trees derive no known benefits from the dwarf mistletoes and can be harmed if nutrients and water are scarce in the environment. Which of the following best describes the interactions between dwarf mistletoes and trees?

Which of the following is an example of Batesian mimicry?

Connell conducted this experiment to learn more about

In a particular case of secondary succession, three species of wild grass invaded a field. A fourth species' seeds were also dispersed to this field, but despite being adapted to the abiotic conditions, this fourth species did not establish. A possible factor in this secondary succession was

What contributed to the 1988 Yellowstone National Park lodgepole pine forest fires?

Which of the following statements is consistent with the principle of competitive exclusion?

Which of the following studies would shed light on the mechanism of spread of H5N1 from Asia to North America?

Use the diagram in Figure 41.4 of five islands formed at around the same time near a particular mainland, as well as MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography principles, to answer the following question(s). Figure 41.4 -Which island would likely have the greatest species diversity?

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below. The symbols +, -, and 0 are to be used to show the results of interactions between individuals and groups of individuals in the examples that follow. The symbol + denotes a positive interaction, - denotes a negative interaction, and 0 denotes an interaction that has no effect on the individuals involved. The first symbol refers to the first organism mentioned. -What interactions exist between the cattle egret and grazing cattle?

What is an evolutionary factor that influences the species richness of a community?

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease of humans that is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Symptoms of a tuberculosis infection can include fever and damage to the lungs. How should the interaction between pathogens and their hosts be classified?

Use the diagram in Figure 41.4 of five islands formed at around the same time near a particular mainland, as well as MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography principles, to answer the following question(s). Figure 41.4 -Which island would likely have the lowest extinction rate?

Biomanipulation can best be described as

Which of the following is a correct statement about the MacArthur/Wilson Island Equilibrium Model?

During primary succession at Glacier Bay, what is the composition of the oldest communities on well-drained slopes?

Chthamalus and Balanus belong to the same trophic level. Based on this information and their distributions in the low tide zone in Connell's experiment, what is the best way to represent the interaction between the two species?