Exam 26: The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

Which of the following flower parts develops into a seed?

Which of the following sex and generation combinations most directly produces the megasporangium of pine ovules?

Plasmogamy can directly result in which of the following? I. cells with a single haploid nucleus II. heterokaryotic cells III. cells with two diploid nuclei

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below. A biology student hiking in a forest happens upon an erect, 15-cm-tall plant that bears microphylls and a strobilus (a cone) at its tallest point. When disturbed, the cone emits a dense cloud of brownish dust. The student takes the dust back to the laboratory, where a microscope reveals the dust to be composed of tiny spheres with a high oil content. -This student has probably found a(n)

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below. Ecologists often build models to depict the relationships between organisms. In such models, an arrow is used to link two organisms in a relationship. The arrowhead is next to the organism that is affected. If the effect is positive, the arrow is labeled with (+), and if negative, the label is (-). -Capuchin monkeys have been known to use rocks to smash open the fruits of Brazil nut trees. On the rare occasions this has been observed, the monkeys consume all of the Brazil nuts. Thus, which of the following correctly depicts the relationship between capuchin monkeys and Brazil nut trees?

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below. Big Bend National Park in Texas is mostly Chihuahuan desert where rainfall averages about 10 inches per year. Yet when hiking in this bone-dry desert it is not uncommon to encounter mosses and ferns. One such plant is called "flower of stone." It is not a flowering plant, nor does it produce seeds. Under arid conditions, its leaflike structures curl up. However, when it rains, it unfurls its leaves, which form a bright green rosette on the desert floor. Consequently, it is sometimes called the "resurrection plant." -Upon closer inspection of the leaves of flower of stone, one can observe tiny, cone-like structures. Each cone-like structure emits spores of two different sizes. Further investigation also reveals that the roots of flower of stone branch only at the growing tip of the root, forming a Y-shaped structure. Consequently, flower of stone should be expected to possess which other characteristics? 1) a gametophyte generation that is dominant 2) lignified vascular tissues 3) microphylls 4) spores that are diploid when mature

The vegetative (nutritionally active) bodies of most fungi are I. composed of hyphae. II. referred to as a mycelium. III. usually underground.

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below. In onions (Allium), cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus. -How many chromosomes should be in a megasporangium nucleus?

In addition to seeds, which of the following characteristics is unique to the seed-producing plants?

What describes the product of number 2?

The following question(s) refer to the following phylogenetic trees. -Which tree depicts all of the currently recognized major groups of fungi?

Which taxon is essentially equivalent to the "embryophytes"?

Mitotic activity by the apical meristem of a root makes which of the following more possible?

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below. The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels (n = 17), is native to tropical rain forests of South America. It is a hardwood tree that can grow to over 50 meters tall, is a source of high-quality lumber, and is a favorite nesting site for harpy eagles. As the rainy season ends, tough-walled fruits, each containing 8-25 seeds (Brazil nuts), fall to the forest floor. Brazil nuts are composed primarily of endosperm. About $50 million worth of nuts are harvested each year. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow flowers of Brazil nut trees cannot fertilize themselves and admit only female orchid bees as pollinators. The agouti (Dasyprocta spp.), a cat-sized rodent, is the only animal with teeth strong enough to crack the hard wall of Brazil nut fruits. It typically eats some of the seeds, buries others, and leaves still others inside the fruit, which moisture can then enter. The uneaten seeds may subsequently germinate. -People who attempted to plant Brazil nuts in hopes of establishing plantations of Brazil nut trees played roles most similar to those of

Some green algae exhibit alternation of generations. All land plants exhibit alternation of generations. No charophytes exhibit alternation of generations. Keeping in mind the recent evidence from molecular systematics, the correct interpretation of these observations is that

Which of the following statements are true of monocots? I. Over 25% of extant angiosperms are monocots. II. Monocots include both crop plants and ornamental plants. III. Monocots are most closely related to eudicots. IV. Monocots possess multiple cotyledons.

When a mycelium infiltrates an unexploited source of dead organic matter, what are most likely to appear within the food source soon thereafter?

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below. Ecologists often build models to depict the relationships between organisms. In such models, an arrow is used to link two organisms in a relationship. The arrowhead is next to the organism that is affected. If the effect is positive, the arrow is labeled with (+), and if negative, the label is (-). -The adaptive advantage associated with the filamentous nature of fungal mycelia is primarily related to

In seed plants, which of the following is part of a pollen grain and has a function most like that of the seed coat?

Which of the following is true of seedless vascular plants?