Question 1

The primary difference between estrous and menstrual cycles is that

Accepted Answer

A)  the endometrium shed by the uterus during the estrous cycle is reabsorbed, whereas the shed endometrium of menstrual cycles is excreted from the body. 
B)  behavioral changes during estrous cycles are much less apparent than those of menstrual cycles. 
C)  season and climate have less-pronounced effects on estrous cycles than they do on menstrual cycles. 
D)  copulation normally occurs across the estrous cycle, whereas in menstrual cycles copulation only occurs during the period surrounding ovulation. 
E)  most estrous cycles are of much longer duration compared to menstrual cycles. 
A)  the endometrium shed by the uterus during the estrous cycle is reabsorbed, whereas the shed endometrium of menstrual cycles is excreted from the body. 
B)  behavioral changes during estrous cycles are much less apparent than those of menstrual cycles. 
C)  season and climate have less-pronounced effects on estrous cycles than they do on menstrual cycles. 
D)  copulation normally occurs across the estrous cycle, whereas in menstrual cycles copulation only occurs during the period surrounding ovulation. 
E)  most estrous cycles are of much longer duration compared to menstrual cycles. A

Question 2

The hormone progesterone is produced in the

Accepted Answer

A)  pituitary and acts directly on the ovary. 
B)  uterus and acts directly on the pituitary. 
C)  ovary and acts directly on the uterus. 
D)  pituitary and acts directly on the uterus. 
A)  pituitary and acts directly on the ovary. 
B)  uterus and acts directly on the pituitary. 
C)  ovary and acts directly on the uterus. 
D)  pituitary and acts directly on the uterus. C

Question 3

A human zygote undergoes its first cell division

Accepted Answer

A)  5 seconds after fertilization. 
B)  30 minutes after fertilization. 
C)  90 minutes after fertilization. 
D)  4 hours after fertilization. 
E)  24 hours after fertilization. 
A)  5 seconds after fertilization. 
B)  30 minutes after fertilization. 
C)  90 minutes after fertilization. 
D)  4 hours after fertilization. 
E)  24 hours after fertilization. E

Question 4

Environmental cues that influence the timing of reproduction generally do so by

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing organisms' body temperature. 
B)  providing access to water for external fertilization. 
C)  increasing the ambient temperature to that which is comfortable for sexual reproduction. 
D)  causing direct effects on gonadal structures. 
E)  causing direct effects on hormonal control mechanisms. 
A)  increasing organisms' body temperature. 
B)  providing access to water for external fertilization. 
C)  increasing the ambient temperature to that which is comfortable for sexual reproduction. 
D)  causing direct effects on gonadal structures. 
E)  causing direct effects on hormonal control mechanisms.

Question 5

From earliest to latest, the overall sequence of early development proceeds in which of the following sequences?

Accepted Answer

A)  gastrulation → organogenesis → cleavage 
B)  ovulation → gastrulation → fertilization 
C)  cleavage → gastrulation → organogenesis 
D)  gastrulation → morphogenesis → ovulation 
E)  organogenesis → morphogenesis → cleavage 
A)  gastrulation → organogenesis → cleavage 
B)  ovulation → gastrulation → fertilization 
C)  cleavage → gastrulation → organogenesis 
D)  gastrulation → morphogenesis → ovulation 
E)  organogenesis → morphogenesis → cleavage

Question 6

Among mammals, the male and female genital structures that consist mostly of erectile tissue include the

Accepted Answer

A)  penis and clitoris. 
B)  vas deferens and oviduct. 
C)  testes and ovaries. 
D)  seminiferous tubules and hymen. 
E)  prostate and ovaries. 
A)  penis and clitoris. 
B)  vas deferens and oviduct. 
C)  testes and ovaries. 
D)  seminiferous tubules and hymen. 
E)  prostate and ovaries.

Question 7

The moment of orgasm is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  the ovulation of the oocyte from the ovary. 
B)  the release of sperm from the seminiferous tubules. 
C)  rhythmic contraction of many parts of the reproductive system. 
D)  increased synthesis and release of ovarian steroid hormones. 
E)  increased synthesis and release of testicular steroid hormones. 
A)  the ovulation of the oocyte from the ovary. 
B)  the release of sperm from the seminiferous tubules. 
C)  rhythmic contraction of many parts of the reproductive system. 
D)  increased synthesis and release of ovarian steroid hormones. 
E)  increased synthesis and release of testicular steroid hormones.

Question 8

Animals with reproduction dependent on internal fertilization need all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  cooperative copulatory behavior. 
B)  sophisticated reproductive systems. 
C)  compatible reproductive systems. 
D)  a moist environment for spawning. 
E)  sperm. 
A)  cooperative copulatory behavior. 
B)  sophisticated reproductive systems. 
C)  compatible reproductive systems. 
D)  a moist environment for spawning. 
E)  sperm.

Question 9

Peaks of LH and FSH production occur during

Accepted Answer

A)  the menstrual flow phase of the uterine cycle. 
B)  the beginning of the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle. 
C)  the period just before ovulation. 
D)  the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. 
A)  the menstrual flow phase of the uterine cycle. 
B)  the beginning of the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle. 
C)  the period just before ovulation. 
D)  the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle.

Question 10

External chemical signals that coordinate potential reproductive partners are called

Accepted Answer

A)  hormones. 
B)  pheromones. 
C)  paracrine signals. 
D)  cytokines. 
E)  gametes. 
A)  hormones. 
B)  pheromones. 
C)  paracrine signals. 
D)  cytokines. 
E)  gametes.

Question 11

During human heterosexual (mutual) excitement, vasocongestion occurs

Accepted Answer

A)  only in the penis. 
B)  only in the testes. 
C)  only in the clitoris. 
D)  only in the upper vagina. 
E)  in the clitoris, vagina, and penis. 
A)  only in the penis. 
B)  only in the testes. 
C)  only in the clitoris. 
D)  only in the upper vagina. 
E)  in the clitoris, vagina, and penis.

Question 12

Figure 36.1
Some nonreproductive structures are labeled in parentheses for orientation purposes.
-In Figure 36.1, which number corresponds to the corpus uterus?

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  5 
C)  6 
D)  8 
E)  11 
A)  3 
B)  5 
C)  6 
D)  8 
E)  11

Question 13

Obesity is directly related to low testosterone levels. Why would this be of concern for a male-female couple interested in having a baby?

Accepted Answer

A)  Testosterone is involved in sperm production, so obese males may be more likely to have infertility problems. 
B)  Low testosterone levels in males will cause lower luteinizing hormone (LH) production in females during reproduction. 
C)  Low testosterone levels in males will cause the adrenal glands to reduce production of other sex hormones. 
D)  Low testosterone levels in males will cause their offspring to have delayed secondary sex characteristic development. 
A)  Testosterone is involved in sperm production, so obese males may be more likely to have infertility problems. 
B)  Low testosterone levels in males will cause lower luteinizing hormone (LH) production in females during reproduction. 
C)  Low testosterone levels in males will cause the adrenal glands to reduce production of other sex hormones. 
D)  Low testosterone levels in males will cause their offspring to have delayed secondary sex characteristic development.

Question 14

Thalidomide, now banned for use as a sedative in pregnancy, was used in the early 1960s by many women in their first trimester of pregnancy. Some of these women gave birth to children with arm and leg deformities, suggesting that the drug most likely influenced

Accepted Answer

A)  early cleavage divisions. 
B)  determination of the polarity of the zygote. 
C)  differentiation of bone tissue. 
D)  morphogenesis. 
E)  organogenesis. 
A)  early cleavage divisions. 
B)  determination of the polarity of the zygote. 
C)  differentiation of bone tissue. 
D)  morphogenesis. 
E)  organogenesis.

Question 15

Ovulation is the follicular response to a burst of secretion of

Accepted Answer

A)  luteinizing hormone (LH). 
B)  testosterone. 
C)  inhibin. 
D)  gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). 
E)  estradiol. 
A)  luteinizing hormone (LH). 
B)  testosterone. 
C)  inhibin. 
D)  gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). 
E)  estradiol.

Question 16

Two contraceptive methods that are generally irreversible and that block the gametes from moving to a site where fertilization can occur are

Accepted Answer

A)  the male condom and the female condom. 
B)  the male condom and oral contraceptives. 
C)  vasectomy and tubal ligation. 
D)  coitus interruptus and the rhythm method. 
E)  the diaphragm and the rhythm method. 
A)  the male condom and the female condom. 
B)  the male condom and oral contraceptives. 
C)  vasectomy and tubal ligation. 
D)  coitus interruptus and the rhythm method. 
E)  the diaphragm and the rhythm method.

Question 17

Which of these refers to parthenogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  An individual may change its sex. 
B)  Groups of cells grow into new individuals. 
C)  An organism is first a male and then a female. 
D)  An egg develops without being fertilized. 
A)  An individual may change its sex. 
B)  Groups of cells grow into new individuals. 
C)  An organism is first a male and then a female. 
D)  An egg develops without being fertilized.

Question 18

Asexual reproduction results in greater reproductive success than does sexual reproduction when

Accepted Answer

A)  pathogens are rapidly diversifying. 
B)  a species has accumulated numerous deleterious mutations. 
C)  there is some potential for rapid overpopulation. 
D)  a species is expanding into diverse geographic settings. 
E)  a species is in stable and favorable environments. 
A)  pathogens are rapidly diversifying. 
B)  a species has accumulated numerous deleterious mutations. 
C)  there is some potential for rapid overpopulation. 
D)  a species is expanding into diverse geographic settings. 
E)  a species is in stable and favorable environments.

Question 19

Figure 36.1
Some nonreproductive structures are labeled in parentheses for orientation purposes.
-In Figure 36.1, which numbers comprise the clitoris?

Accepted Answer

A)  5, 10, 15 
B)  7, 8, 9 
C)  3, 4, 5 
D)  9, 10, 11 
E)  12, 13, 14 
A)  5, 10, 15 
B)  7, 8, 9 
C)  3, 4, 5 
D)  9, 10, 11 
E)  12, 13, 14

Question 20

At the time of fertilization, the complete maturation of each oogonium has resulted in

Accepted Answer

A)  one secondary oocyte. 
B)  two primary oocytes. 
C)  four secondary oocytes. 
D)  four primary oocytes. 
E)  four zygotes. 
A)  one secondary oocyte. 
B)  two primary oocytes. 
C)  four secondary oocytes. 
D)  four primary oocytes. 
E)  four zygotes.

Exam 36: Reproduction and Development

The primary difference between estrous and menstrual cycles is that

The hormone progesterone is produced in the

A human zygote undergoes its first cell division

Environmental cues that influence the timing of reproduction generally do so by

From earliest to latest, the overall sequence of early development proceeds in which of the following sequences?

Among mammals, the male and female genital structures that consist mostly of erectile tissue include the

The moment of orgasm is characterized by

Animals with reproduction dependent on internal fertilization need all of the following except

Peaks of LH and FSH production occur during

External chemical signals that coordinate potential reproductive partners are called

During human heterosexual (mutual) excitement, vasocongestion occurs

Figure 36.1 Some nonreproductive structures are labeled in parentheses for orientation purposes. -In Figure 36.1, which number corresponds to the corpus uterus?

Obesity is directly related to low testosterone levels. Why would this be of concern for a male-female couple interested in having a baby?

Thalidomide, now banned for use as a sedative in pregnancy, was used in the early 1960s by many women in their first trimester of pregnancy. Some of these women gave birth to children with arm and leg deformities, suggesting that the drug most likely influenced

Ovulation is the follicular response to a burst of secretion of

Two contraceptive methods that are generally irreversible and that block the gametes from moving to a site where fertilization can occur are

Which of these refers to parthenogenesis?

Asexual reproduction results in greater reproductive success than does sexual reproduction when

Figure 36.1 Some nonreproductive structures are labeled in parentheses for orientation purposes. -In Figure 36.1, which numbers comprise the clitoris?

At the time of fertilization, the complete maturation of each oogonium has resulted in

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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