Question 1

A stroke volume in the heart of 70 mL/cycle, with a pulse of 60 cycles per minute, results in a cardiac output of

Accepted Answer

A)  4.2 L/minute. 
B)  4.2 mL/minute. 
C)  0.42 L/minute. 
D)  42 L/minute. 
E)  420 L/minute. 
A)  4.2 L/minute. 
B)  4.2 mL/minute. 
C)  0.42 L/minute. 
D)  42 L/minute. 
E)  420 L/minute. A

Question 2

The material present in arterioles that is not present in capillaries is

Accepted Answer

A)  fully oxygenated blood. 
B)  plasma in which carbon dioxide has been added. 
C)  a lining of endothelial cells. 
D)  circular smooth muscle cells that can alter the size of the arterioles. 
E)  white blood cells and platelets. 
A)  fully oxygenated blood. 
B)  plasma in which carbon dioxide has been added. 
C)  a lining of endothelial cells. 
D)  circular smooth muscle cells that can alter the size of the arterioles. 
E)  white blood cells and platelets. D

Question 3

Damage to the sinoatrial node in humans

Accepted Answer

A)  is a major contributor to heart attacks. 
B)  would block conductance between the bundle branches and the Purkinje fibers. 
C)  would cause blood flow rate to increase. 
D)  would disrupt the rate and timing of cardiac muscle contractions. 
E)  would have a direct effect on blood pressure monitors in the aorta. 
A)  is a major contributor to heart attacks. 
B)  would block conductance between the bundle branches and the Purkinje fibers. 
C)  would cause blood flow rate to increase. 
D)  would disrupt the rate and timing of cardiac muscle contractions. 
E)  would have a direct effect on blood pressure monitors in the aorta. D

Question 4

Of the following choices, impairment of a mammal's breathing cycle is most likely following neural damage in

Accepted Answer

A)  the cerebrum and cerebellum. 
B)  the medulla oblongata and the pons. 
C)  the adrenal medulla and the adrenal cortex. 
D)  the thalamus and the hypothalamus. 
E)  the frontal lobe and the temporal lobe. 
A)  the cerebrum and cerebellum. 
B)  the medulla oblongata and the pons. 
C)  the adrenal medulla and the adrenal cortex. 
D)  the thalamus and the hypothalamus. 
E)  the frontal lobe and the temporal lobe.

Question 5

The sun shining on a tidal pool during a hot day heats the water. As some water evaporates, the pool becomes saltier, causing

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in its carbon dioxide content. 
B)  a decrease in its oxygen content. 
C)  an increase in its ability to sustain aerobic organisms. 
D)  a decrease in the water's density. 
E)  a decrease in the movement of the water molecules. 
A)  a decrease in its carbon dioxide content. 
B)  a decrease in its oxygen content. 
C)  an increase in its ability to sustain aerobic organisms. 
D)  a decrease in the water's density. 
E)  a decrease in the movement of the water molecules.

Question 6

To adjust blood pressure independently in the capillaries of the gas-exchange surface and in the capillaries of the general body circulation, an organism would need a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  open circulatory system. 
B)  closed circulatory system. 
C)  lymphatic system. 
D)  two-chambered heart. 
E)  four-chambered heart. 
A)  open circulatory system. 
B)  closed circulatory system. 
C)  lymphatic system. 
D)  two-chambered heart. 
E)  four-chambered heart.

Question 7

Gas exchange in the aquatic salamander known as the axolotl is correctly described as

Accepted Answer

A)  active transport to move oxygen into the salamander from the water. 
B)  facilitated diffusion to move oxygen into the salamander from the water. 
C)  facilitated diffusion of carbon dioxide from the salamander into the water. 
D)  simple diffusion of oxygen into the salamander from the water. 
E)  active transport of carbon dioxide from the salamander into the water. 
A)  active transport to move oxygen into the salamander from the water. 
B)  facilitated diffusion to move oxygen into the salamander from the water. 
C)  facilitated diffusion of carbon dioxide from the salamander into the water. 
D)  simple diffusion of oxygen into the salamander from the water. 
E)  active transport of carbon dioxide from the salamander into the water.

Question 8

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
In the Himalayas, Mount Everest, Earth's highest mountain, reaches over 8,800 meters at its peak. At this altitude the atmospheric pressure is only 254 mm Hg. Although humans cannot survive at this altitude, the bar-headed goose can fly there without any problems. Bar-headed goose hemoglobin can bind the same number of oxygen molecules as human hemoglobin, but their affinities for binding oxygen are different (see graph below).  
-What is the maximum number of molecules of oxygen that bar-headed goose hemoglobin can bind to?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Question 9

Compared with the interstitial fluid that bathes active muscle cells, blood reaching these cells in arteries has a

Accepted Answer

A)  higher PO₂. 
B)  higher PCO₂. 
C)  greater bicarbonate concentration. 
D)  lower pH. 
A)  higher PO₂. 
B)  higher PCO₂. 
C)  greater bicarbonate concentration. 
D)  lower pH.

Question 10

What will be the long-term effect of blocking the lymphatic vessels associated with a capillary bed?

Accepted Answer

A)  more fluid entering the venous capillaries 
B)  an increase in the blood pressure in the capillary bed 
C)  the accumulation of more fluid in the interstitial areas 
D)  fewer proteins leaking out of the blood to enter the interstitial fluid 
E)  the area of the blockage becoming abnormally small 
A)  more fluid entering the venous capillaries 
B)  an increase in the blood pressure in the capillary bed 
C)  the accumulation of more fluid in the interstitial areas 
D)  fewer proteins leaking out of the blood to enter the interstitial fluid 
E)  the area of the blockage becoming abnormally small

Question 11

Air-breathing insects carry out gas exchange

Accepted Answer

A)  in their specialized external gills. 
B)  in their specialized internal gills. 
C)  in the alveoli of their lungs. 
D)  across the finest branches of the trachea and cell membranes. 
E)  across all parts of their thin exoskeleton. 
A)  in their specialized external gills. 
B)  in their specialized internal gills. 
C)  in the alveoli of their lungs. 
D)  across the finest branches of the trachea and cell membranes. 
E)  across all parts of their thin exoskeleton.

Question 12

Hemoglobin and hemocyanin

Accepted Answer

A)  are both found within blood cells. 
B)  are both red in color. 
C)  are both freely dissolved in the plasma. 
D)  both transport oxygen. 
E)  are both found in mammals. 
A)  are both found within blood cells. 
B)  are both red in color. 
C)  are both freely dissolved in the plasma. 
D)  both transport oxygen. 
E)  are both found in mammals.

Question 13

The exhalation of air from human lungs is driven by

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavity. 
B)  a decrease in the residual volume of the lungs. 
C)  the contraction of the diaphragm. 
D)  the closure of the mouth. 
E)  the expansion of the rib cage. 
A)  a decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavity. 
B)  a decrease in the residual volume of the lungs. 
C)  the contraction of the diaphragm. 
D)  the closure of the mouth. 
E)  the expansion of the rib cage.

Question 14

The hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells and the organ where this hormone is synthesized are

Accepted Answer

A)  growth hormone and pancreas, respectively. 
B)  erythropoietin and kidney, respectively. 
C)  cortisol and adrenal gland, respectively. 
D)  epinephrine and adrenal gland, respectively. 
E)  acetylcholine and bone marrow, respectively. 
A)  growth hormone and pancreas, respectively. 
B)  erythropoietin and kidney, respectively. 
C)  cortisol and adrenal gland, respectively. 
D)  epinephrine and adrenal gland, respectively. 
E)  acetylcholine and bone marrow, respectively.

Question 15

Organisms with a circulating body fluid that is distinct from the fluid that directly surrounds the body's cells are likely to have

Accepted Answer

A)  an open circulatory system. 
B)  a closed circulatory system. 
C)  a gastrovascular cavity. 
D)  branched tracheae. 
E)  hemolymph. 
A)  an open circulatory system. 
B)  a closed circulatory system. 
C)  a gastrovascular cavity. 
D)  branched tracheae. 
E)  hemolymph.

Question 16

In a healthy human, the typical life span of a red blood cell is

Accepted Answer

A)  24 hours. 
B)  1 week. 
C)  1 month. 
D)  4 months. 
E)  80 years or more. 
A)  24 hours. 
B)  1 week. 
C)  1 month. 
D)  4 months. 
E)  80 years or more.

Question 17

The blood pressure is lowest in the

Accepted Answer

A)  aorta. 
B)  arteries. 
C)  arterioles. 
D)  capillaries. 
E)  superior vena cava. 
A)  aorta. 
B)  arteries. 
C)  arterioles. 
D)  capillaries. 
E)  superior vena cava.

Question 18

At sea level, atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg. Nitrogen gas is approximately 78% of the total gases in the atmosphere, so the approximate partial pressure of nitrogen is

Accepted Answer

A)  5.9 mm Hg. 
B)  59.2 mm Hg. 
C)  76 mm Hg. 
D)  160 mm Hg. 
E)  592.8 mm Hg. 
A)  5.9 mm Hg. 
B)  59.2 mm Hg. 
C)  76 mm Hg. 
D)  160 mm Hg. 
E)  592.8 mm Hg.

Question 19

Pulse is a direct measure of

Accepted Answer

A)  blood pressure. 
B)  stroke volume. 
C)  cardiac output. 
D)  heart rate. 
A)  blood pressure. 
B)  stroke volume. 
C)  cardiac output. 
D)  heart rate.

Question 20

An oil-water mixture works as an insecticidal spray against mosquitoes and other insects because it

Accepted Answer

A)  coats their lungs. 
B)  blocks the openings into the tracheal system. 
C)  interferes with gas exchange across the capillaries. 
D)  clogs their bronchi. 
E)  prevents gases from leaving the atmosphere. 
A)  coats their lungs. 
B)  blocks the openings into the tracheal system. 
C)  interferes with gas exchange across the capillaries. 
D)  clogs their bronchi. 
E)  prevents gases from leaving the atmosphere.

Exam 34: Circulation and Gas Exchange

A stroke volume in the heart of 70 mL/cycle, with a pulse of 60 cycles per minute, results in a cardiac output of

The material present in arterioles that is not present in capillaries is

Damage to the sinoatrial node in humans

Of the following choices, impairment of a mammal's breathing cycle is most likely following neural damage in

The sun shining on a tidal pool during a hot day heats the water. As some water evaporates, the pool becomes saltier, causing

To adjust blood pressure independently in the capillaries of the gas-exchange surface and in the capillaries of the general body circulation, an organism would need a(n)

Gas exchange in the aquatic salamander known as the axolotl is correctly described as

Compared with the interstitial fluid that bathes active muscle cells, blood reaching these cells in arteries has a

What will be the long-term effect of blocking the lymphatic vessels associated with a capillary bed?

Air-breathing insects carry out gas exchange

Hemoglobin and hemocyanin

The exhalation of air from human lungs is driven by

The hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells and the organ where this hormone is synthesized are

Organisms with a circulating body fluid that is distinct from the fluid that directly surrounds the body's cells are likely to have

In a healthy human, the typical life span of a red blood cell is

The blood pressure is lowest in the

At sea level, atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg. Nitrogen gas is approximately 78% of the total gases in the atmosphere, so the approximate partial pressure of nitrogen is

Pulse is a direct measure of

An oil-water mixture works as an insecticidal spray against mosquitoes and other insects because it

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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