Question 1

A key part of the humoral immune response is

Accepted Answer

A)  the attack of cytotoxic T cells on infected host cells. 
B)  the production of antibodies by plasma cells. 
C)  perforation of infected host cells by perforin. 
D)  the attack of phagocytes on living pathogens. 
E)  the initiation of programmed cell death in infected host cells. 
A)  the attack of cytotoxic T cells on infected host cells. 
B)  the production of antibodies by plasma cells. 
C)  perforation of infected host cells by perforin. 
D)  the attack of phagocytes on living pathogens. 
E)  the initiation of programmed cell death in infected host cells. B

Question 2

An inflammation-causing signal released by mast cells at the site of an infection is (are)

Accepted Answer

A)  interferons. 
B)  lymph. 
C)  histamine. 
D)  mucus. 
E)  antibodies. 
A)  interferons. 
B)  lymph. 
C)  histamine. 
D)  mucus. 
E)  antibodies. C

Question 3

In which of the following persons would the risk of developing a viral-induced cancer (such as Kaposi's sarcoma) be highest?

Accepted Answer

A)  a healthy adult male 
B)  a healthy infant female 
C)  an adult male with a weakened innate immune system 
D)  an adult female with a weakened adaptive immune system 
A)  a healthy adult male 
B)  a healthy infant female 
C)  an adult male with a weakened innate immune system 
D)  an adult female with a weakened adaptive immune system D

Question 4

B cells have antigen receptors that bind to antigens that are either freely dissolved or present on the surface of invading/foreign cells. T cells have antigen receptors that

Accepted Answer

A)  are active only in lymph nodes. 
B)  bind only to antigens present on the surface of the invading/foreign cells. 
C)  bind only to freely dissolved antigens in the plasma. 
D)  bind to antigen fragments presented on major histocompatibility complexes by host cells. 
E)  bind to antigens that are either freely dissolved or present on the surface of invading/foreign cells. 
A)  are active only in lymph nodes. 
B)  bind only to antigens present on the surface of the invading/foreign cells. 
C)  bind only to freely dissolved antigens in the plasma. 
D)  bind to antigen fragments presented on major histocompatibility complexes by host cells. 
E)  bind to antigens that are either freely dissolved or present on the surface of invading/foreign cells.

Question 5

Acidity in human sweat is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  cell-mediated immune response. 
B)  acquired immunity. 
C)  adaptive immunity. 
D)  innate immunity. 
A)  cell-mediated immune response. 
B)  acquired immunity. 
C)  adaptive immunity. 
D)  innate immunity.

Question 6

The eyes and the respiratory tract are both protected against infections by

Accepted Answer

A)  the mucous membranes that cover their surface. 
B)  the secretion of complement proteins. 
C)  the release of slightly alkaline secretions. 
D)  the secretion of lysozyme onto their surfaces. 
E)  interferons produced by immune cells. 
A)  the mucous membranes that cover their surface. 
B)  the secretion of complement proteins. 
C)  the release of slightly alkaline secretions. 
D)  the secretion of lysozyme onto their surfaces. 
E)  interferons produced by immune cells.

Question 7

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
An otherwise healthy student in your class is infected with EBV, the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis. The same student had been infected when she was a child, at which time she had merely experienced a mild sore throat and swollen lymph nodes in her neck. This time, although infected, she does not get sick.
-Her immune system's recognition of the second infection involves the

Accepted Answer

A)  helper T cells. 
B)  memory B cells. 
C)  plasma cells. 
D)  cytotoxic T cells. 
E)  natural killer cells. 
A)  helper T cells. 
B)  memory B cells. 
C)  plasma cells. 
D)  cytotoxic T cells. 
E)  natural killer cells.

Question 8

A patient who can produce antibodies against some bacterial pathogens, but not against viral infections, probably has a disorder in his

Accepted Answer

A)  B cells. 
B)  plasma cells. 
C)  natural killer cells. 
D)  T cells. 
E)  macrophages. 
A)  B cells. 
B)  plasma cells. 
C)  natural killer cells. 
D)  T cells. 
E)  macrophages.

Question 9

Mutant fruit flies that make only one antimicrobial peptide (defensin or drosomycin) were tested for survival after infection with Neurospora crassa fungi and the results are shown in the figure below. What statement about these data is true?   Figure 35.1

Accepted Answer

A)  No wild-type fruit flies die after being infected by the fungi. 
B)  Drosomycin protects fruit flies from N. crassi infections to a higher degree than does defensin. 
C)  Defensin is effective at preventing fruit fly infection by all fungal species. 
D)  After two days, approximately 65% of mutant + defensin fruit flies are dead. 
A)  No wild-type fruit flies die after being infected by the fungi. 
B)  Drosomycin protects fruit flies from N. crassi infections to a higher degree than does defensin. 
C)  Defensin is effective at preventing fruit fly infection by all fungal species. 
D)  After two days, approximately 65% of mutant + defensin fruit flies are dead.

Question 10

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
An otherwise healthy student in your class is infected with EBV, the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis. The same student had been infected when she was a child, at which time she had merely experienced a mild sore throat and swollen lymph nodes in her neck. This time, although infected, she does not get sick.
-An epitope associates with which part of an antigen receptor or antibody?

Accepted Answer

A)  the tail 
B)  heavy-chain constant regions only 
C)  variable regions of a heavy chain and light chain combined 
D)  light-chain constant regions only 
A)  the tail 
B)  heavy-chain constant regions only 
C)  variable regions of a heavy chain and light chain combined 
D)  light-chain constant regions only

Question 11

Yearly vaccination of humans for influenza viruses is necessary because

Accepted Answer

A)  of an increase in immunodeficiency diseases. 
B)  flu can generate anaphylactic shock. 
C)  surviving the flu one year exhausts the immune system to nonresponsiveness the second year. 
D)  rapid mutation in flu viruses alters the surface proteins in infected host cells. 
E)  flu leads to autoimmune disorders. 
A)  of an increase in immunodeficiency diseases. 
B)  flu can generate anaphylactic shock. 
C)  surviving the flu one year exhausts the immune system to nonresponsiveness the second year. 
D)  rapid mutation in flu viruses alters the surface proteins in infected host cells. 
E)  flu leads to autoimmune disorders.

Question 12

Naturally acquired passive immunity results from the

Accepted Answer

A)  injection of vaccine. 
B)  ingestion of interferon. 
C)  placental transfer of antibodies. 
D)  absorption of pathogens through mucous membranes. 
E)  injection of antibodies. 
A)  injection of vaccine. 
B)  ingestion of interferon. 
C)  placental transfer of antibodies. 
D)  absorption of pathogens through mucous membranes. 
E)  injection of antibodies.

Question 13

Preventing the appearance of the symptoms of an allergy attack would be the likely result of

Accepted Answer

A)  blocking the attachment of the IgE antibodies to the mast cells. 
B)  blocking the antigenic determinants of the IgM antibodies. 
C)  reducing the number of helper T cells in the body. 
D)  reducing the number of cytotoxic cells. 
E)  reducing the number of natural killer cells. 
A)  blocking the attachment of the IgE antibodies to the mast cells. 
B)  blocking the antigenic determinants of the IgM antibodies. 
C)  reducing the number of helper T cells in the body. 
D)  reducing the number of cytotoxic cells. 
E)  reducing the number of natural killer cells.

Question 14

Activation of helper T cells by an antigen will directly activate

Accepted Answer

A)  B cells only. 
B)  cytotoxic T cells only. 
C)  memory helper T cells only. 
D)  B cells and cytotoxic T cells only. 
E)  cytotoxic T cells and memory helper cells only. 
A)  B cells only. 
B)  cytotoxic T cells only. 
C)  memory helper T cells only. 
D)  B cells and cytotoxic T cells only. 
E)  cytotoxic T cells and memory helper cells only.

Question 15

Immunological memory accounts for

Accepted Answer

A)  the human body's ability to distinguish self from nonself. 
B)  the observation that some strains of the pathogen that causes dengue fever cause worse disease than others. 
C)  the ability of a helper T cell to signal B cells via cytokines. 
D)  the ancient observation that someone who had recovered from the plague could safely care for those newly diseased. 
E)  the ability of the immune system to present antigen fragments in association with MHC antigens. 
A)  the human body's ability to distinguish self from nonself. 
B)  the observation that some strains of the pathogen that causes dengue fever cause worse disease than others. 
C)  the ability of a helper T cell to signal B cells via cytokines. 
D)  the ancient observation that someone who had recovered from the plague could safely care for those newly diseased. 
E)  the ability of the immune system to present antigen fragments in association with MHC antigens.

Question 16

Bacteria entering the body through a small cut in the skin

Accepted Answer

A)  inactivate red blood cells. 
B)  stimulate apoptosis of nearby body cells. 
C)  stimulate release of interferons. 
D)  stimulate natural killer cell activity. 
E)  activate a group of proteins called complement. 
A)  inactivate red blood cells. 
B)  stimulate apoptosis of nearby body cells. 
C)  stimulate release of interferons. 
D)  stimulate natural killer cell activity. 
E)  activate a group of proteins called complement.

Question 17

Arrange these components of the mammalian immune system as it first responds to a pathogen in the correct sequence.
I. Pathogen is destroyed.
II. Lymphocytes secrete antibodies.
III. Antigenic determinants from pathogen bind to antigen receptors on lymphocytes.
IV. Lymphocytes specific to antigenic determinants from pathogen become numerous.
V. Only memory cells remain.

Accepted Answer

A)  I → III → II → IV → V 
B)  III → II → I → V → IV 
C)  II → I → IV → III → V 
D)  IV → II → III → I → V 
E)  III → IV → II → I → V 
A)  I → III → II → IV → V 
B)  III → II → I → V → IV 
C)  II → I → IV → III → V 
D)  IV → II → III → I → V 
E)  III → IV → II → I → V

Question 18

The cells and signaling molecules that initiate inflammatory responses are

Accepted Answer

A)  the phagocytes and the lysozymes. 
B)  the phagocytes and the histamines. 
C)  the dendritic cells and the interferons. 
D)  the mast cells and the histamines. 
E)  the lymphocytes and the interferons. 
A)  the phagocytes and the lysozymes. 
B)  the phagocytes and the histamines. 
C)  the dendritic cells and the interferons. 
D)  the mast cells and the histamines. 
E)  the lymphocytes and the interferons.

Question 19

Secondary immune responses upon a second exposure to a pathogen are due to the activation of

Accepted Answer

A)  memory cells. 
B)  macrophages. 
C)  stem cells. 
D)  B cells. 
E)  T cells. 
A)  memory cells. 
B)  macrophages. 
C)  stem cells. 
D)  B cells. 
E)  T cells.

Question 20

Jenner's successful use of cowpox virus as a vaccine against the smallpox virus is due to the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  the immune system responds nonspecifically to antigens. 
B)  the cowpox virus made antibodies in response to the presence of smallpox. 
C)  cowpox and smallpox are antibodies with similar immunizing properties. 
D)  there are some antigenic determinants common to both pox viruses. 
E)  cowpox and smallpox are caused by the same virus. 
A)  the immune system responds nonspecifically to antigens. 
B)  the cowpox virus made antibodies in response to the presence of smallpox. 
C)  cowpox and smallpox are antibodies with similar immunizing properties. 
D)  there are some antigenic determinants common to both pox viruses. 
E)  cowpox and smallpox are caused by the same virus.

Exam 35: The Immune System

A key part of the humoral immune response is

An inflammation-causing signal released by mast cells at the site of an infection is (are)

In which of the following persons would the risk of developing a viral-induced cancer (such as Kaposi's sarcoma) be highest?

B cells have antigen receptors that bind to antigens that are either freely dissolved or present on the surface of invading/foreign cells. T cells have antigen receptors that

Acidity in human sweat is an example of

The eyes and the respiratory tract are both protected against infections by

A patient who can produce antibodies against some bacterial pathogens, but not against viral infections, probably has a disorder in his

Mutant fruit flies that make only one antimicrobial peptide (defensin or drosomycin) were tested for survival after infection with Neurospora crassa fungi and the results are shown in the figure below. What statement about these data is true? Figure 35.1

Yearly vaccination of humans for influenza viruses is necessary because

Naturally acquired passive immunity results from the

Preventing the appearance of the symptoms of an allergy attack would be the likely result of

Activation of helper T cells by an antigen will directly activate

Immunological memory accounts for

Bacteria entering the body through a small cut in the skin

The cells and signaling molecules that initiate inflammatory responses are

Secondary immune responses upon a second exposure to a pathogen are due to the activation of

Jenner's successful use of cowpox virus as a vaccine against the smallpox virus is due to the fact that

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

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Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

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