Question 1

The divisions of the nervous system that have antagonistic, or opposing, actions are the

Accepted Answer

A)  motor and sensory systems. 
B)  sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. 
C)  motor and sympathetic systems. 
D)  central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. 
A)  motor and sensory systems. 
B)  sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. 
C)  motor and sympathetic systems. 
D)  central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. B

Question 2

The telencephalon region of the developing brain of a mammal

Accepted Answer

A)  develops as the neural tube differentiates. 
B)  develops from the midbrain. 
C)  is the brain region most like that of ancestral vertebrates. 
D)  gives rise to the cerebrum. 
E)  divides further into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. 
A)  develops as the neural tube differentiates. 
B)  develops from the midbrain. 
C)  is the brain region most like that of ancestral vertebrates. 
D)  gives rise to the cerebrum. 
E)  divides further into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. D

Question 3

The cellular membrane across which ion flow varies during auditory transduction is the

Accepted Answer

A)  tectorial membrane. 
B)  tympanic membrane. 
C)  hair cell membrane. 
D)  basilar membrane. 
A)  tectorial membrane. 
B)  tympanic membrane. 
C)  hair cell membrane. 
D)  basilar membrane. C

Question 4

Stimuli alter the activity of excitable sensory cells via

Accepted Answer

A)  integration. 
B)  transmission. 
C)  transduction. 
D)  amplification. 
A)  integration. 
B)  transmission. 
C)  transduction. 
D)  amplification.

Question 5

A researcher is interested in determining whether mice can remember the location of a piece of cheese in a maze. Which of the following results best supports the hypothesis that mice can remember the location of the cheese?

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in the number of synapses between neurons in the hippocampus 
B)  an increase in the number of synapses between neurons in the hypothalamus 
C)  a decrease in the number of synapses between neurons in the hypothalamus 
D)  a decrease in the number of synapses between neurons in the hippocampus 
A)  an increase in the number of synapses between neurons in the hippocampus 
B)  an increase in the number of synapses between neurons in the hypothalamus 
C)  a decrease in the number of synapses between neurons in the hypothalamus 
D)  a decrease in the number of synapses between neurons in the hippocampus

Question 6

Which of the PET images above shows high levels of activity in the occipital lobe?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Question 7

Experiments with genetically altered mice showed that the mice would consume abnormally high amounts of bitter-tasting compounds in water after their

Accepted Answer

A)  hormone receptors for digestive hormones were reduced or eliminated, showing that bitter tastes are reinforced by digestive responses. 
B)  salt-taste cells were altered to express receptors for bitter tastants, suggesting that animals have unregulated salt appetites. 
C)  visual sense was reduced or eliminated, suggesting that mice learn visual cues about bitter tastes. 
D)  olfactory sense was reduced or eliminated, suggesting that mice learn odor cues about bitter tastes. 
E)  sweet-taste cells were altered to express receptors for bitter tastants, suggesting that the sensation of taste depends only on which taste cell is stimulated. 
A)  hormone receptors for digestive hormones were reduced or eliminated, showing that bitter tastes are reinforced by digestive responses. 
B)  salt-taste cells were altered to express receptors for bitter tastants, suggesting that animals have unregulated salt appetites. 
C)  visual sense was reduced or eliminated, suggesting that mice learn visual cues about bitter tastes. 
D)  olfactory sense was reduced or eliminated, suggesting that mice learn odor cues about bitter tastes. 
E)  sweet-taste cells were altered to express receptors for bitter tastants, suggesting that the sensation of taste depends only on which taste cell is stimulated.

Question 8

Figure 38.3
-Vibrations of the tympanic membrane are transmitted to the oval window by the structure(s) at which number(s)?

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, 3, and 4 only 
B)  2, 3, and 4 only 
C)  3 and 4 only 
D)  4 only 
E)  5 only 
A)  1, 2, 3, and 4 only 
B)  2, 3, and 4 only 
C)  3 and 4 only 
D)  4 only 
E)  5 only

Question 9

Imagine you are resting comfortably on a sofa after dinner. This could be described as a state with

Accepted Answer

A)  increased activity in the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems. 
B)  decreased activity in the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems. 
C)  decreased activity in the sympathetic nervous system and increased activity in the parasympathetic and enteric nervous systems. 
D)  increased activity in the sympathetic nervous system and decreased activity in the parasympathetic and enteric nervous systems. 
E)  increased activity in the sympathetic nervous system, decreased activity in the parasympathetic nervous system, and increased activity in the enteric nervous system. 
A)  increased activity in the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems. 
B)  decreased activity in the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems. 
C)  decreased activity in the sympathetic nervous system and increased activity in the parasympathetic and enteric nervous systems. 
D)  increased activity in the sympathetic nervous system and decreased activity in the parasympathetic and enteric nervous systems. 
E)  increased activity in the sympathetic nervous system, decreased activity in the parasympathetic nervous system, and increased activity in the enteric nervous system.

Question 10

Rods exposed to light will

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarize due to the opening of sodium channels. 
B)  hyperpolarize due to the closing of sodium channels. 
C)  depolarize due to the opening of potassium channels. 
D)  hyperpolarize due to the closing of potassium channels. 
A)  depolarize due to the opening of sodium channels. 
B)  hyperpolarize due to the closing of sodium channels. 
C)  depolarize due to the opening of potassium channels. 
D)  hyperpolarize due to the closing of potassium channels.

Question 11

The perceived pitch of a sound depends on

Accepted Answer

A)  which part of the tympanic membrane is being vibrated by sound waves. 
B)  which part of the oval window produces waves in the cochlear fluid. 
C)  which region of the basilar membrane was set in motion. 
D)  whether or not the sound moves the incus, malleus, and stapes. 
A)  which part of the tympanic membrane is being vibrated by sound waves. 
B)  which part of the oval window produces waves in the cochlear fluid. 
C)  which region of the basilar membrane was set in motion. 
D)  whether or not the sound moves the incus, malleus, and stapes.

Question 12

Figure 38.3
-The organ of Corti is contained in the structure numbered

Accepted Answer

A)  3. 
B)  4. 
C)  5. 
D)  6. 
E)  7. 
A)  3. 
B)  4. 
C)  5. 
D)  6. 
E)  7.

Question 13

This is the trans isomer of retinal. Where would it be bound to the opsin protein and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Retinal would be found at the cytosolic side of opsin because it is hydrophilic. 
B)  Retinal would be found at the cytosolic side of opsin because it is hydrophobic. 
C)  Retinal would be found in the transmembrane core of opsin because it is hydrophobic. 
D)  Retinal would be found in the transmembrane core of opsin because it is hydrophilic. 
A)  Retinal would be found at the cytosolic side of opsin because it is hydrophilic. 
B)  Retinal would be found at the cytosolic side of opsin because it is hydrophobic. 
C)  Retinal would be found in the transmembrane core of opsin because it is hydrophobic. 
D)  Retinal would be found in the transmembrane core of opsin because it is hydrophilic.

Question 14

It can be very difficult to select an angle for sneaking up to a grasshopper to catch it because grasshoppers have

Accepted Answer

A)  excellent hearing for detecting predators. 
B)  compound eyes with multiple ommatidia. 
C)  eyes with multiple fovea. 
D)  a camera-like eye with a single fovea. 
A)  excellent hearing for detecting predators. 
B)  compound eyes with multiple ommatidia. 
C)  eyes with multiple fovea. 
D)  a camera-like eye with a single fovea.

Question 15

Umami perception would be stimulated by

Accepted Answer

A)  sugar water. 
B)  chocolate milk. 
C)  a savory and rich cheese. 
D)  acidic orange juice. 
E)  salt water. 
A)  sugar water. 
B)  chocolate milk. 
C)  a savory and rich cheese. 
D)  acidic orange juice. 
E)  salt water.

Question 16

Figure 38.1
-In Figure 38.1, which letter points to the thalamus?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 17

If the following events are arranged in the order in which they occur for an animal hiding and holding still in response to seeing a predator, which is the fourth event in the series?

Accepted Answer

A)  signaling by an afferent PNS neuron 
B)  signaling by an efferent PNS neuron 
C)  information processing in the CNS 
D)  activation of a sensory receptor 
A)  signaling by an afferent PNS neuron 
B)  signaling by an efferent PNS neuron 
C)  information processing in the CNS 
D)  activation of a sensory receptor

Question 18

The pathway leading to the perception of sound by mammals begins with the

Accepted Answer

A)  hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the basilar membrane, coming in contact with the tectorial membrane. 
B)  hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the tympanic membrane, coming in contact with the tectorial membrane. 
C)  hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the tectorial membrane, coming in contact with the basilar membrane. 
D)  hair cells of the organ of Corti coming in contact with the tectorial membrane as a result of fluid waves in the cochlea causing vibrations in the round window. 
E)  hair cells on the tympanic membrane as a result of fluid waves in the cochlea causing vibrations in the round window. 
A)  hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the basilar membrane, coming in contact with the tectorial membrane. 
B)  hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the tympanic membrane, coming in contact with the tectorial membrane. 
C)  hair cells of the organ of Corti, which rests on the tectorial membrane, coming in contact with the basilar membrane. 
D)  hair cells of the organ of Corti coming in contact with the tectorial membrane as a result of fluid waves in the cochlea causing vibrations in the round window. 
E)  hair cells on the tympanic membrane as a result of fluid waves in the cochlea causing vibrations in the round window.

Question 19

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
The southern grasshopper mouse feeds regularly on the Arizona bark scorpion, the most venomous scorpion in the United States. While attempting to capture the scorpion, the mouse usually gets stung multiple times by the scorpion but does not seem to be affected.
-What would be the best experiment to conduct to determine if the grasshopper mouse is unique among mouse species in that it does not feel pain when stung by the bark scorpion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inject a grasshopper mouse with bark scorpion venom and measure its brain activity in regards to pain reception. Then inject the same grasshopper mouse with other venoms and measure its pain response. 
B)  Inject other species of mice with bark scorpion venom and measure their brain activity in regards to pain reception. Compare their pain responses to that of the grasshopper mouse. 
C)  Inject a grasshopper mouse with bark scorpion venom and measure its brain activity in regards to pain reception. Then inject the same grasshopper mouse with a benign salt solution and measure its pain response. 
D)  Inject other species of mice with bark scorpion venom and measure their brain activity in regards to pain reception. Compare their pain responses to that of the grasshopper mouse and also to their level of pain response when injected with a benign salt solution. 
A)  Inject a grasshopper mouse with bark scorpion venom and measure its brain activity in regards to pain reception. Then inject the same grasshopper mouse with other venoms and measure its pain response. 
B)  Inject other species of mice with bark scorpion venom and measure their brain activity in regards to pain reception. Compare their pain responses to that of the grasshopper mouse. 
C)  Inject a grasshopper mouse with bark scorpion venom and measure its brain activity in regards to pain reception. Then inject the same grasshopper mouse with a benign salt solution and measure its pain response. 
D)  Inject other species of mice with bark scorpion venom and measure their brain activity in regards to pain reception. Compare their pain responses to that of the grasshopper mouse and also to their level of pain response when injected with a benign salt solution.

Question 20

How does fMRI measure brain activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  by measuring changes in oxygen concentration 
B)  by measuring changes in pressure 
C)  by measuring changes in blood flow 
D)  by measuring changes in temperature 
A)  by measuring changes in oxygen concentration 
B)  by measuring changes in pressure 
C)  by measuring changes in blood flow 
D)  by measuring changes in temperature

Exam 38: Nervous and Sensory Systems

The divisions of the nervous system that have antagonistic, or opposing, actions are the

The telencephalon region of the developing brain of a mammal

The cellular membrane across which ion flow varies during auditory transduction is the

Stimuli alter the activity of excitable sensory cells via

A researcher is interested in determining whether mice can remember the location of a piece of cheese in a maze. Which of the following results best supports the hypothesis that mice can remember the location of the cheese?

Which of the PET images above shows high levels of activity in the occipital lobe?

Experiments with genetically altered mice showed that the mice would consume abnormally high amounts of bitter-tasting compounds in water after their

Figure 38.3 -Vibrations of the tympanic membrane are transmitted to the oval window by the structure(s) at which number(s)?

Imagine you are resting comfortably on a sofa after dinner. This could be described as a state with

Rods exposed to light will

The perceived pitch of a sound depends on

Figure 38.3 -The organ of Corti is contained in the structure numbered

This is the trans isomer of retinal. Where would it be bound to the opsin protein and why?

It can be very difficult to select an angle for sneaking up to a grasshopper to catch it because grasshoppers have

Umami perception would be stimulated by

Figure 38.1 -In Figure 38.1, which letter points to the thalamus?

If the following events are arranged in the order in which they occur for an animal hiding and holding still in response to seeing a predator, which is the fourth event in the series?

The pathway leading to the perception of sound by mammals begins with the

How does fMRI measure brain activity?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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