Question 1

Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiac muscle. 
B)  smooth muscle. 
C)  voluntary muscle. 
D)  striated muscle. 
E)  skeletal muscle. 
A)  cardiac muscle. 
B)  smooth muscle. 
C)  voluntary muscle. 
D)  striated muscle. 
E)  skeletal muscle. B

Question 2

Hormones that promote homeostasis

Accepted Answer

A)  usually operate as part of a positive feedback system. 
B)  travel to target cells without passage in the plasma. 
C)  utilize receptors that bind to any hormone. 
D)  initiate signal transduction in the target cell without binding to receptors. 
E)  usually operate as part of a negative feedback system. 
A)  usually operate as part of a positive feedback system. 
B)  travel to target cells without passage in the plasma. 
C)  utilize receptors that bind to any hormone. 
D)  initiate signal transduction in the target cell without binding to receptors. 
E)  usually operate as part of a negative feedback system. E

Question 3

In a typical nerve cell, the nucleus is found in the

Accepted Answer

A)  cell body. 
B)  synaptic terminals. 
C)  axonal region. 
D)  dendritic region. 
E)  synapse. 
A)  cell body. 
B)  synaptic terminals. 
C)  axonal region. 
D)  dendritic region. 
E)  synapse. A

Question 4

The body's automatic tendency to maintain a constant and optimal internal environment is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  positive feedback. 
B)  negative feedback. 
C)  homeostasis. 
D)  thermoregulation. 
A)  positive feedback. 
B)  negative feedback. 
C)  homeostasis. 
D)  thermoregulation.

Question 5

Researchers measure animals' oxygen consumption (VO₂) as a way to quantify metabolic rate. A researcher measured the VO₂ for two animals, A and B, as function of ambient temperature and collected the data shown in Figure 32.2 below. One of the animals was an ectotherm and one was an endotherm. Which animal was the endotherm and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Animal A is the endotherm because at colder temperatures endotherms need to warm themselves through their own metabolic activity, which is supported by the data. 
B)  Animal A is the endotherm because endotherms do not need to regulate their own body temperature by changing metabolic activity, which is supported by the data. 
C)  Animal B is the endotherm because at colder temperatures endotherms need to warm themselves through their own metabolic activity, which is supported by the data. 
D)  Animal B is the endotherm because endotherms do not need to regulate their own body temperature by changing metabolic activity, which is supported by the data. 
A)  Animal A is the endotherm because at colder temperatures endotherms need to warm themselves through their own metabolic activity, which is supported by the data. 
B)  Animal A is the endotherm because endotherms do not need to regulate their own body temperature by changing metabolic activity, which is supported by the data. 
C)  Animal B is the endotherm because at colder temperatures endotherms need to warm themselves through their own metabolic activity, which is supported by the data. 
D)  Animal B is the endotherm because endotherms do not need to regulate their own body temperature by changing metabolic activity, which is supported by the data.

Question 6

Which of the following has (have) both endocrine and exocrine activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  the pituitary gland 
B)  parathyroid glands 
C)  salivary glands 
D)  the pancreas 
E)  adrenal glands 
A)  the pituitary gland 
B)  parathyroid glands 
C)  salivary glands 
D)  the pancreas 
E)  adrenal glands

Question 7

The interrelationships between the endocrine and the nervous systems are especially apparent in

Accepted Answer

A)  a neuron in the spinal cord. 
B)  a steroid-producing cell in the adrenal cortex. 
C)  a neurosecretory cell in the hypothalamus. 
D)  a brain cell in the cerebral cortex. 
E)  a digestive enzyme-producing cell in the pancreas. 
A)  a neuron in the spinal cord. 
B)  a steroid-producing cell in the adrenal cortex. 
C)  a neurosecretory cell in the hypothalamus. 
D)  a brain cell in the cerebral cortex. 
E)  a digestive enzyme-producing cell in the pancreas.

Question 8

Muscles are joined to bones by

Accepted Answer

A)  ligaments. 
B)  tendons. 
C)  loose connective tissue. 
D)  fibroblasts. 
E)  adipose tissue. 
A)  ligaments. 
B)  tendons. 
C)  loose connective tissue. 
D)  fibroblasts. 
E)  adipose tissue.

Question 9

After drinking alcoholic beverages, increased urine excretion is the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  increased activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). 
B)  increased blood pressure. 
C)  inhibited secretion of ADH. 
D)  increased reabsorption of water in the proximal tubule. 
E)  increased activity of the brain's osmoregulator cells 
A)  increased activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). 
B)  increased blood pressure. 
C)  inhibited secretion of ADH. 
D)  increased reabsorption of water in the proximal tubule. 
E)  increased activity of the brain's osmoregulator cells

Question 10

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback in that

Accepted Answer

A)  positive feedback benefits the organism, whereas negative feedback is detrimental. 
B)  the positive feedback's responses are in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than opposite to it. 
C)  positive feedback results in increases in some parameter (such as body temperature), whereas negative feedback results only in decreases to the parameter. 
D)  positive feedback systems have control centers that are lacking in negative feedback systems. 
A)  positive feedback benefits the organism, whereas negative feedback is detrimental. 
B)  the positive feedback's responses are in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than opposite to it. 
C)  positive feedback results in increases in some parameter (such as body temperature), whereas negative feedback results only in decreases to the parameter. 
D)  positive feedback systems have control centers that are lacking in negative feedback systems.

Question 11

ADH and RAAS work together in maintaining osmoregulatory homeostasis through which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH regulates the osmolarity of the blood, and RAAS regulates the volume of the blood. 
B)  ADH regulates the osmolarity of the blood by altering renal reabsorption of water, and RAAS maintains the osmolarity of the blood by stimulating Na+ and water reabsorption. 
C)  ADH and RAAS work antagonistically: ADH stimulates water reabsorption during dehydration, and RAAS causes increased excretion of water when it is in excess in body fluids. 
D)  Both stimulate the adrenal gland to secrete aldosterone, leading to an increase in both blood volume and pressure via receptors in the urinary bladder. 
E)  They combine at the receptor sites of proximal tubule cells where reabsorption of essential nutrients takes place. 
A)  ADH regulates the osmolarity of the blood, and RAAS regulates the volume of the blood. 
B)  ADH regulates the osmolarity of the blood by altering renal reabsorption of water, and RAAS maintains the osmolarity of the blood by stimulating Na+ and water reabsorption. 
C)  ADH and RAAS work antagonistically: ADH stimulates water reabsorption during dehydration, and RAAS causes increased excretion of water when it is in excess in body fluids. 
D)  Both stimulate the adrenal gland to secrete aldosterone, leading to an increase in both blood volume and pressure via receptors in the urinary bladder. 
E)  They combine at the receptor sites of proximal tubule cells where reabsorption of essential nutrients takes place.

Question 12

If a person loses a large amount of water in a short period of time, she may die from dehydration. ADH can help reduce water loss through its interaction with its target cells in the

Accepted Answer

A)  anterior pituitary gland. 
B)  posterior pituitary gland. 
C)  adrenal gland. 
D)  bladder. 
E)  kidney. 
A)  anterior pituitary gland. 
B)  posterior pituitary gland. 
C)  adrenal gland. 
D)  bladder. 
E)  kidney.

Question 13

If you gently twist your earlobe, it does not remain distorted because it contains

Accepted Answer

A)  epithelial tissue. 
B)  connective tissue. 
C)  muscle tissue. 
D)  nervous tissue. 
A)  epithelial tissue. 
B)  connective tissue. 
C)  muscle tissue. 
D)  nervous tissue.

Question 14

Organisms categorized as osmoconformers are most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  found in freshwater lakes and streams. 
B)  marine. 
C)  amphibious. 
D)  found in arid terrestrial environments. 
E)  found in terrestrial environments with adequate moisture. 
A)  found in freshwater lakes and streams. 
B)  marine. 
C)  amphibious. 
D)  found in arid terrestrial environments. 
E)  found in terrestrial environments with adequate moisture.

Question 15

A football player has been rushed to the emergency room after passing out during practice on a hot day. The player is sweating extensively, but appears to have normal blood pressure. As the attending physician, you need to give the player a drug to counteract his symptoms. Which of the following drugs would be best to give the player?

Accepted Answer

A)  a drug that acts like ADH 
B)  a drug that acts like oxytocin 
C)  a drug that acts like insulin 
D)  a drug that acts like melatonin 
E)  a drug that acts like angiotensin II 
A)  a drug that acts like ADH 
B)  a drug that acts like oxytocin 
C)  a drug that acts like insulin 
D)  a drug that acts like melatonin 
E)  a drug that acts like angiotensin II

Question 16

Interstitial fluid is

Accepted Answer

A)  the fluid inside the gastrovascular cavity of Hydra. 
B)  the internal environment inside animal cells. 
C)  identical to the composition of blood. 
D)  the fluid that surrounds body cells. 
E)  found only in the lumen of the small intestine. 
A)  the fluid inside the gastrovascular cavity of Hydra. 
B)  the internal environment inside animal cells. 
C)  identical to the composition of blood. 
D)  the fluid that surrounds body cells. 
E)  found only in the lumen of the small intestine.

Question 17

The type of muscle tissue surrounding internal organs, other than the heart, is

Accepted Answer

A)  skeletal muscle. 
B)  cardiac muscle. 
C)  striated muscle. 
D)  smooth muscle. 
A)  skeletal muscle. 
B)  cardiac muscle. 
C)  striated muscle. 
D)  smooth muscle.

Question 18

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are synthesized in the

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothalamus. 
B)  adrenal glands. 
C)  anterior pituitary gland. 
D)  adrenal cortex. 
E)  posterior pituitary gland. 
A)  hypothalamus. 
B)  adrenal glands. 
C)  anterior pituitary gland. 
D)  adrenal cortex. 
E)  posterior pituitary gland.

Question 19

The osmoregulatory/excretory system of a freshwater flatworm is based on the operation of

Accepted Answer

A)  protonephridia. 
B)  gills. 
C)  Malpighian tubules. 
D)  nephrons. 
E)  kidneys. 
A)  protonephridia. 
B)  gills. 
C)  Malpighian tubules. 
D)  nephrons. 
E)  kidneys.

Question 20

A necropsy (post-mortem analysis) of a marine sea star that died after it was mistakenly placed in fresh water would likely show that it died because

Accepted Answer

A)  it was stressed and needed more time to acclimate to the new conditions. 
B)  it was so hyperosmotic to the fresh water that it could not osmoregulate. 
C)  its kidneys could not handle the change in ionic content presented by the fresh water. 
D)  its contractile vacuoles ruptured. 
E)  its cells dehydrated and lost the ability to metabolize. 
A)  it was stressed and needed more time to acclimate to the new conditions. 
B)  it was so hyperosmotic to the fresh water that it could not osmoregulate. 
C)  its kidneys could not handle the change in ionic content presented by the fresh water. 
D)  its contractile vacuoles ruptured. 
E)  its cells dehydrated and lost the ability to metabolize.

Exam 32: Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by

Hormones that promote homeostasis

In a typical nerve cell, the nucleus is found in the

The body's automatic tendency to maintain a constant and optimal internal environment is termed

Which of the following has (have) both endocrine and exocrine activity?

The interrelationships between the endocrine and the nervous systems are especially apparent in

Muscles are joined to bones by

After drinking alcoholic beverages, increased urine excretion is the result of

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback in that

ADH and RAAS work together in maintaining osmoregulatory homeostasis through which of the following ways?

If a person loses a large amount of water in a short period of time, she may die from dehydration. ADH can help reduce water loss through its interaction with its target cells in the

If you gently twist your earlobe, it does not remain distorted because it contains

Organisms categorized as osmoconformers are most likely

Interstitial fluid is

The type of muscle tissue surrounding internal organs, other than the heart, is

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are synthesized in the

The osmoregulatory/excretory system of a freshwater flatworm is based on the operation of

A necropsy (post-mortem analysis) of a marine sea star that died after it was mistakenly placed in fresh water would likely show that it died because

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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