Exam 9: Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories

Which type of molecular orbital is used to describe a buildup of electron density along the axis connecting two atomic nuclei to form a bond?

Carbonyl dihalides (COX₂ with X = I, Cl, or Br) are irritants and can cause blistering of tissue. Their reactivity with tissue is influenced by their polarity. Place these compounds in order of decreasing polarity and explain your reasoning.

For the molecule CH₃CHCHCH₃, the local molecular geometry around a carbon atom at the end and its hybridization are ___________

Which of these molecules have a dipole moment?

Which type of molecular orbital is used to describe electron density building up above and below the internuclear axis to form a bond?

Identify the molecular structure of the molecular anion, , and the hybridization of the S atomic orbitals.

The amide structure is the fundamental linking unit in proteins. Two partial Lewis structures for formamide are shown below. These structures do not show the lone pair electrons or the formal charges. Experiment shows that formamide is planar, so which is the better representation of the electronic structure, I or II? Is this conclusion consistent with the formal charges on the atoms? Explain the rationale for your answers.

A Lewis structure of aspirin without the nonbonding electrons is shown in the figure below. Taking into account the nonbonding electrons, identify the hybridization of the atomic orbitals for the following atoms: O1, O2, and O3. Identify the bond angles around C1, C2, and O3.

Use MO theory to predict the bond orders of the following molecular ions. Which one do you predict does not exist?

Use energy levels of diatomic molecules derived from molecular orbital theory to predict the bond order of the oxygen molecule O₂ and the peroxide anion O₂^2-.

Which of the following molecules is T-shaped?

Which of the following compounds has the same shape as SO₂?

Identify the hybridization of atomic orbitals for atoms a, b, and c in the structure below of acetaminophen, which is the active ingredient in the analgesic Tylenol.

Which of the following molecules is paramagnetic?

Both cyclohexane (C₆H₁₂) and benzene (C₆H₆) have the carbon atoms forming a six-member ring. In a valence bond picture of the C - C bonds, _____ hybrid orbitals would overlap for cyclohexane, and _____ hybrid orbitals would overlap for benzene.

What type of hybridization is needed to describe the bonding in a T-shaped molecule?

Which of the following diagrams shows the correct orientation of the dipole in sulfur dioxide?

What is the hybridization of the bromine atom in BrF₅?

Which statement regarding a sigma bond between two carbon atoms is not correct?

For the molecule CH₃CHCHCH₃, the local molecular geometry around the second carbon atom from the end and its hybridization are ___________