Exam 8: Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Normally, xanthophylls are present in the thylakoid membrane and are associated with photosystem II. If a mutation occurred that reduced the amount of xanthophylls in the thylakoid membrane, which of the following would you predict would happen?

How many CO₂ molecules must enter the Calvin cycle for each molecule of triose phosphate that can be exported from the chloroplast?

During their experiments with chlorella, Calvin and Benson found no free glucose. Why do you think this is?

In aerobic respiration, NADH is oxidized at _____, while FADH₂ is oxidized at _____.

Explain the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis with respect to the storage and release of chemical energy.

As electrons flow from one photosystem to another, the amount of energy present in the electrons decreases. How does the plant cell use the energy lost by the electrons?

Which of the following is a major evolutionary step that is hypothesized to have occurred in the evolution of photosynthesis?

In plants, the ultimate electron donor in photosynthesis is _____.

Xanthophyll pigments:

Approximately what percentage of the sun's output is available for photosynthesis?

As high-energy electrons move through the photosynthetic pathway, they take part in many oxidation/reduction reactions. Starting at the beginning of the light-dependent reactions, list in the proper sequence the molecules involved in photosynthesis that are reduced by high-energy electrons.

As light levels increase, some electrons from photosystem I are redirected from _____ back into the electron-transport chain.

Light energy is converted to chemical energy in the:

In addition to chloroplasts, which of the following organelles of eukaryotic cells is believed to have originated by endosymbiosis?

If a mutation occurs such that photosystem II no longer functions as efficiently as it should, what might be MOST directly affected?

From its ground state, photosystem II can:

Which one of the following is NOT a product when photosystem II oxidizes a molecule of water?

The electrochemical gradient in a chloroplast can have a concentration of protons 1000 times greater on one side of a thylakoid membrane than the other.

All cells able to carry out photosynthesis have:

Explain how light energy is transformed into chemical energy in the light-dependent reactions and describe where the energy is stored at the end of the light-independent reactions.