Question 1

Photosynthesis occurs in the layer of the ocean penetrated by sunlight, which is referred to as the _____ zone.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Photosynthesis occurs in the layer of the...

Question 2

Which one of the following statements BEST represents the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) Photosynthesis stores energy in organic molecules, while respiration releases it. 
B) Photosynthesis occurs only during the day and respiration occurs only at night. 
C) Respiration occurs only in animals and photosynthesis occurs only in plants. 
D) Respiration stores energy in organic molecules, while photosynthesis releases it. 
E) Photosynthesis reverses the biochemical pathways of respiration. 
A) Photosynthesis stores energy in organic molecules, while respiration releases it. 
B) Photosynthesis occurs only during the day and respiration occurs only at night. 
C) Respiration occurs only in animals and photosynthesis occurs only in plants. 
D) Respiration stores energy in organic molecules, while photosynthesis releases it. 
E) Photosynthesis reverses the biochemical pathways of respiration.

Question 3

Chloroplast ATP synthases are powered by the flow of protons from the:

Accepted Answer

A) thylakoid lumen to the stroma. 
B) stroma to the intermembrane space. 
C) intermembrane space to the cytoplasm. 
D) stroma to the thylakoid lumen. 
E) thylakoid lumen to the intermembrane space. 
A) thylakoid lumen to the stroma. 
B) stroma to the intermembrane space. 
C) intermembrane space to the cytoplasm. 
D) stroma to the thylakoid lumen. 
E) thylakoid lumen to the intermembrane space.

Question 4

Antennae accompany reaction centers, promoting _____.

Accepted Answer

A) electron transfer 
B) H+ transfer 
C) energy transfer 
D) heat loss 
E) fluorescence 
A) electron transfer 
B) H+ transfer 
C) energy transfer 
D) heat loss 
E) fluorescence

Question 5

The stroma of the land-plant chloroplast is evolutionarily derived from the:

Accepted Answer

A) thylakoid membrane. 
B) plasma membrane of cyanobacteria. 
C) cytoplasm of cyanobacteria. 
D) plasma membrane of a eukaryotic ancestor. 
A) thylakoid membrane. 
B) plasma membrane of cyanobacteria. 
C) cytoplasm of cyanobacteria. 
D) plasma membrane of a eukaryotic ancestor.

Question 6

Photosystem II and photosystem I differ in:

Accepted Answer

A) H+ production. 
B) H+ production and electron donors. 
C) H+ production, and electron donors and acceptors. 
D) electron donors and acceptors. 
E) plants and algae. 
A) H+ production. 
B) H+ production and electron donors. 
C) H+ production, and electron donors and acceptors. 
D) electron donors and acceptors. 
E) plants and algae.

Question 7

When photosynthesis is fully operational under conditions of intense light, the pH of the thylakoid lumen may be as much as three full pH units lower than the pH of the stroma of the chloroplast. That means that there are _____ protons in the thylakoid compared to the stroma.

Accepted Answer

A) 1000 times more 
B) 100 times more 
C) 3 times more 
D) 3 times fewer 
A) 1000 times more 
B) 100 times more 
C) 3 times more 
D) 3 times fewer

Question 8

The Calvin cycle is a relatively constant process, the rate of which is independent of factors such as temperature and nitrogen concentration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following are produced directly as a result of the movement of electrons through the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

A) oxygen and carbohydrates 
B) carbohydrates and ATP 
C) ATP and NADPH 
D) water and carbohydrates 
A) oxygen and carbohydrates 
B) carbohydrates and ATP 
C) ATP and NADPH 
D) water and carbohydrates

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE concerning the Calvin cycle and light-harvesting reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) They take place in different organelles. 
B) They take place in different compartments of the same organelle. 
C) They take place in different types of cells in the plant. 
D) None of the other answer options is correct. 
A) They take place in different organelles. 
B) They take place in different compartments of the same organelle. 
C) They take place in different types of cells in the plant. 
D) None of the other answer options is correct.

Question 11

Plants that possess high levels of xanthophylls are better suited to growth in bright sunlight.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

During photorespiration, the phosphoglycolate (PGO) produced by RuBP oxygenation is eventually converted to PGA; 75% of the carbon in PGO is recovered. How many molecules of PGO are required to generate two molecules of PGA through this route?

Accepted Answer

A) five 
B) four 
C) three 
D) two 
E) one 
A) five 
B) four 
C) three 
D) two 
E) one

Question 13

Organisms with only one photosystem CANNOT:

Accepted Answer

A) reduce CO2. 
B) reduce H2O. 
C) produce O2. 
D) oxidize H2S. 
E) reduce NADP+. 
A) reduce CO2. 
B) reduce H2O. 
C) produce O2. 
D) oxidize H2S. 
E) reduce NADP+.

Question 14

What wavelength of light can carotenoids NOT absorb?

Accepted Answer

A) green 
B) blue 
C) orange 
D) purple 
A) green 
B) blue 
C) orange 
D) purple

Question 15

Which one of the following is a candidate for the FIRST electron donor?

Accepted Answer

A) Mg2+ 
B) 18O2 
C) Fe2+ 
D) NADPH 
E) 35S 
A) Mg2+ 
B) 18O2 
C) Fe2+ 
D) NADPH 
E) 35S

Question 16

Which of the following molecules are reduced during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) NADP+ and 3-phosphoglycerate 
B) ADP and 3-phosphoglycerate 
C) NADPH and 3-phosphoglycerate 
D) NAD+ and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 
A) NADP+ and 3-phosphoglycerate 
B) ADP and 3-phosphoglycerate 
C) NADPH and 3-phosphoglycerate 
D) NAD+ and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Question 17

A new experimental pesticide is being tested by a large agricultural chemical company. An unfortunate side effect in plants treated with this new product is a partial inhibition of ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase in the chloroplasts. Given this observation, what specific change(s), if any, would you expect to observe in the amounts of NADPH, ATP, 3-phosphoglycerate and triose phosphates, and RuBP in the chloroplasts of these plants?

Accepted Answer

The amounts of all of these photosynthet

Question 18

Energy captured during the "photo" part of photosynthesis is stored in _____ during the "synthesis" part of the process.

Accepted Answer

A) ionic bonds 
B) carbon atoms 
C) covalent bonds 
D) hydrogen bonds 
A) ionic bonds 
B) carbon atoms 
C) covalent bonds 
D) hydrogen bonds

Question 19

Once molecules of pyruvate enter the mitochondria, how many electron carriers (NAD+ or FAD) are reduced per original molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

A) 4 
B) 5 
C) 6 
D) 8 
E) 10
Visual Synthesis Animation Assessments 
A) 4 
B) 5 
C) 6 
D) 8 
E) 10
Visual Synthesis Animation Assessments

Question 20

Suppose a plant is exposed to a toxin that causes the thylakoid membranes to become much more permeable to protons than normal. Which of the following would be TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) The carboxylation step of the Calvin cycle would be unaffected. 
B) The reduction step of the Calvin cycle would slow down and eventually stop. 
C) The regeneration step of the Calvin cycle would slow down and eventually stop. 
D) The reduction and regeneration steps of the Calvin cycle would slow down and eventually stop. 
E) The carboxylation and reduction steps of the Calvin cycle would slow down and eventually stop. 
A) The carboxylation step of the Calvin cycle would be unaffected. 
B) The reduction step of the Calvin cycle would slow down and eventually stop. 
C) The regeneration step of the Calvin cycle would slow down and eventually stop. 
D) The reduction and regeneration steps of the Calvin cycle would slow down and eventually stop. 
E) The carboxylation and reduction steps of the Calvin cycle would slow down and eventually stop.

Exam 8: Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Photosynthesis occurs in the layer of the ocean penetrated by sunlight, which is referred to as the _____ zone.

Which one of the following statements BEST represents the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

Chloroplast ATP synthases are powered by the flow of protons from the:

Antennae accompany reaction centers, promoting _____.

The stroma of the land-plant chloroplast is evolutionarily derived from the:

Photosystem II and photosystem I differ in:

When photosynthesis is fully operational under conditions of intense light, the pH of the thylakoid lumen may be as much as three full pH units lower than the pH of the stroma of the chloroplast. That means that there are _____ protons in the thylakoid compared to the stroma.

The Calvin cycle is a relatively constant process, the rate of which is independent of factors such as temperature and nitrogen concentration.

Which of the following are produced directly as a result of the movement of electrons through the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

Which of the following is TRUE concerning the Calvin cycle and light-harvesting reactions of photosynthesis?

Plants that possess high levels of xanthophylls are better suited to growth in bright sunlight.

During photorespiration, the phosphoglycolate (PGO) produced by RuBP oxygenation is eventually converted to PGA; 75% of the carbon in PGO is recovered. How many molecules of PGO are required to generate two molecules of PGA through this route?

Organisms with only one photosystem CANNOT:

What wavelength of light can carotenoids NOT absorb?

Which one of the following is a candidate for the FIRST electron donor?

Which of the following molecules are reduced during photosynthesis?

Energy captured during the "photo" part of photosynthesis is stored in _____ during the "synthesis" part of the process.

Once molecules of pyruvate enter the mitochondria, how many electron carriers (NAD+ or FAD) are reduced per original molecule of glucose?

Suppose a plant is exposed to a toxin that causes the thylakoid membranes to become much more permeable to protons than normal. Which of the following would be TRUE?

Life: Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations

The Molecules of Life

Nucleic Acids and Transcription

Translation and Protein Structure

Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

Cell Signaling

Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

Cell Division: Variations, Regulation, and Cancer

Dna Replication and Manipulation

Genomes

Mutation and Dna Repair

Genetic Variation

Mendelian Inheritance

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, and Organelles

The Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation

Genes and Development

Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Species and Speciation

Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

Human Origins and Evolution

Cycling Carbon

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells: Origins and Diversity

Being Multicellular

Plant Structure and Function: Moving Photosynthesis Onto Land

Plant Reproduction: Finding Mates and Dispersing Young

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Defense: Keeping the World Green

Plant Diversity

Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems and Brain Function

Animal Movement: Muscles and Skeletons

Animal Endocrine Systems

Animal Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Immune Systems

Animal Diversity

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Biomes and Global Ecology

The Anthropocene: Humans As a Planetary Force

Filters

Once molecules of pyruvate enter the mitochondria, how many electron carriers (NAD⁺ or FAD) are reduced per original molecule of glucose?