Exam 5: Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

During the translation of mRNA molecules, the new polypeptides are often directed to specific parts of the cell by the presence or absence of short sequences of amino acids called signal peptides. Which of the following would you expect to find in the polypeptides that will eventually fold to become enzymes important in the citric acid cycle, such as the enzyme citrate synthase, which makes citric acid?

Which of the following is NOT a function of the signal recognition particle (SRP)?

If a mutation rendered the signal recognition particle receptor nonfunctional such that it is no longer able to dissociate from the SRP, what would be the most obvious effect on the cell?

Which of the following represents the order that molecules cross a synthetic membrane composed of phospholipids but not proteins, from most easily (freely permeable) to least easily (not permeable)?

During the translation of mRNA molecules, the new polypeptides are often directed to specific parts of the cell by the presence or absence of short sequences of amino acids called signal peptides. Which of the following would you expect to find in the polypeptides that will eventually fold to become ribosomal proteins?

Which of the following eukaryotic cell structures plays a role in protein trafficking and sorting?

For each of the following, indicate whether the feature or function described is a characteristic of chloroplasts (1), mitochondria (2), both chloroplasts and mitochondria (3), or neither chloroplasts nor mitochondria (4). A. an organelle that has two membranes B. an organelle that has three membranes C. an organelle that synthesizes most of the ATP used by the cell. D. an organelle that use the energy in sunlight to make simple sugars E. an organelle found in animal cells F. an organelle found in plant cells G. an organelle found in bacterial cells

Long, saturated fatty acid tails _____ lipid mobility and _____ membrane fluidity.

On most bicycles, the tires include a separate inner tube inside the tire itself. When the inner tube is inflated, often to pressure greater than 100 pounds per square inch, it does not burst because the walls of the tire support it. Without the tire, the inner tube would burst long before such high pressures were reached. Similarly, the cytoplasm of plant cells in hypotonic conditions is under relatively high osmotic pressure. However, the cells do not lyse (or burst) due to the presence of the _____ that provides structural support for the _____.

The movement of water into, or out of, a cell is an example of:

During osmosis, water moves from a region of _____ to a region of _____.

Which one of the following organisms organizes its genome into a nucleoid?

Where are the light-capturing pigments located in a chloroplast?

Based on what you know regarding mitochondria, which of the following MOST likely depicts the chemical reaction for cellular respiration?

Which of the following accurately describes the path traveled by a new protein as it is synthesized and released from the cell?

Phospholipids spontaneously form a variety of structures in aqueous solution. This property accounts at least in part for which of the following?

Some diseases, such as Tay-Sachs, are caused by the defective breakdown of cellular components. Which of the following organelles is defective?

Which of the following organisms have complex carbohydrates as a major component of their cell walls?

All of the following are properties of at least some prokaryotic cells EXCEPT:

Enzymes present in the lumen of the Golgi apparatus are responsible for modifying proteins and lipids. What is the likely origin of these enzymes?