Exam 21: Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Imagine you are studying a population of plants and you have determined that they are all genetic clones of one another. You are interested in a particular gene found in the population that you have named LLT (low-light tolerance), that allows it to live in shady areas. What is the frequency of this allele in the population you study?

If a mutation is removed from a population due to either genetic drift or natural selection, it is said to be:

Mutations in skin cells that result in melanoma are considered _____ mutations; a mutation that can be passed on from parent to offspring are referred to as a _____ mutation.

What were some of the characteristics of protein gel electrophoresis?

Give two reasons why a population on an island might have less genetic diversity throughout the genome than a population on a nearby mainland.

Which one of the following statements does NOT describe intersexual selection?

Competition among members of one sex for access to the other sex is called _____ selection.

If a population is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, we can conclude that:

What does the term 2pq represent in the Hardy-Weinberg relation?

The figure below shows the results of a series of observations and experiments on tail length in male African widowbirds. The black bars represent manipulated tail lengths by researchers (they actually added length to the tail feathers of the experimental birds). From the black bars on the figure, we see clearly that the male birds that have been artificially manipulated to have super-long tails are very good at attracting mates, approximated by the number of active nests for each male. Why then are the male tails we see in nature (open bars on the figure) so much shorter?

Mutation increases genetic variation.

A pseudogene could be considered a "fake gene," as its genetic sequence resembles a functional gene.

You are researching a population of moles. In the course of your research, you identify a nearby population that occasionally comes into contact with your study population. What BEST describes the evolutionary process at work?

The only evolutionary process that leads to adaptive change is:

All the alleles present in all individuals in a species are referred to as the _____ of that species.

Which type of selection INCREASES overall genetic variation in a population?

All mutations in a populationboth harmful and beneficialcontribute to the long-term evolution of that population.

Which of the following is NOT a condition of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

In regions where malaria is prevalent, the S allele is beneficial because:

When calculating the allele frequency of allele A in a population, why do you multiply the frequency of individuals who are homozygous for A by 2?