Exam 6: Perception and Individual Decision Making

The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behaviour of others is termed:

The students in your class are presenting their oral presentations in front of the entire class.You have heard that there are several frequently used shortcuts to judging others and are wondering if any of these are being used by your teacher. You have heard that the teacher believes that males perform better in oral presentations than females.This is an example of:

Elements in the surrounding environment influence our perceptions.

Tim,Luke and Esther are all attending the same training course for their organisation.Tim has previously been on other training courses and has found them to be a waste of time.Luke,on the other hand,is looking forward to the course as he is rather interested in the content of the course.Esther is keen to complete the training course as she expects that it will lead to a promotion. Based on the information,Luke's perception of the training course will most likely be influenced by:

Shortcuts in judging others include all of the following EXCEPT:

Which of the following is NOT listed in the text as a way to frame decisions ethically?

It has been well documented that individuals escalate commitment to a failing course of action when they view themselves as responsible for the failure.

The rational decision-making model relies on a number of assumptions,including that the decision maker has complete information and is able to identify all the relevant options in an unbiased manner.

Which of the following decision-making biases are people with high and low levels of intelligence likely to fall prey to?

Discuss the causes of creative behaviour.

In the following steps in rational decision making,which step would come first?

Asians are less likely to commit the fundamental attribution error.

Problem formulation involves identifying a problem but not knowing the solution.

Internally caused behaviours are those:

The justice criterion for decision making requires that individuals impose and enforce rules fairly and impartially so there is an equitable distribution of benefits and costs.

Why do we make judgements about people?

The bounded rationality process assumes that the decision maker will simplify the problem.

You are the manager of a development group in a large computer software company.You have decided that it is important for your group to understand the many ways that ethical decisions can be made and you are designing a training program on the subject of ethics. You decide to teach the group about the importance of making decisions consistent with fundamental liberties and privileges.You are planning to focus on:

Overconfidence bias occurs when people overestimate their abilities to make sound decisions.What type of person is most likely to fail through overconfidence bias?

Jenna has just transferred into a new department within her organisation.She notices that her new manager has,on several occasions,arrived late at meetings.However,her new co-workers tell her that he is generally very punctual. Jenna then notices that her manager is also late when conducting interviews with job applicants.This extra information suggests that there is: