Exam 5: Learning

Explain the steps involved in modifying your own behavior.

In classical conditioning, intermittent pairing reduces both the rate of learning and the final level of learning achieved.

Negative reinforcement results in the extinction of previously learned behaviors.

On a fixed interval schedule, reinforcement is given for the ________.

In the experiment with Little Albert, the conditioned response was fear of the ________.

A reinforcer that is reinforcing in and of itself is called a ________ reinforcer.

Explain what biofeedback is and describe how it can be used to shape behavioral changes in humans. What are the criticisms and limitations of biofeedback?

Which of the following is true of learning?

If a person is paid at the end of each work day, the reinforcement schedule would be ________.

A group of dogs is taught to salivate to the ringing of a bell by pairing the sound of the bell with the presentation of meat. Once the dogs have been conditioned to the sound of the bell, a black square is presented each time the bell is rung. Soon, the dogs are salivating to the presentation of the black square without it being paired to the presentation of the bell. This is an example of ________.

Positive reinforcement ________ the likelihood that the behavior preceding it will happen again while negative reinforcement ________ the likelihood that the preceding behavior will happen again.

The process in which a learned response that has been extinguished suddenly reappears on its own with no retraining is called ________.

The type of learning that involves a sudden coming together of the elements of a situation so that the solution to a problem is instantly clear is ________.

Rachel has found that when she opens the cupboard door to get the cat food, the cats come running to the kitchen. Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning and that the unconditioned stimulus is the ________ and the conditioned stimulus is the ________.

In ________ conditioning, new behaviors can build on previously established ones.

Which of the following steps is the basic principle of self-modification of behavior?

Extinction and generalization do not appear in operant conditioning.

Abigail is trying to figure out how she can best use employee pay to elicit a high rate of employee productivity over a long period of time. If employees' responses to pay schedules are similar to people's general responses to reinforcement schedules, she should use a ________ schedule.

Gambling behavior is very hard to extinguish because it is reinforced according to a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

An example of a behavior that is learned through operant conditioning is ________.