Question 1

Each of the following is true of classical and operant conditioning except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  in both, new behaviors can build on previously established ones 
B)  responses learned through them will generally last forever 
C)  responses in both are under the control of stimuli in the environment 
D)  they both involve the learning of associations 
A)  in both, new behaviors can build on previously established ones 
B)  responses learned through them will generally last forever 
C)  responses in both are under the control of stimuli in the environment 
D)  they both involve the learning of associations

Question 2

Punishment is a(n) ________ controller of behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  powerful 
B)  weak 
C)  sporadic 
D)  reinforcing 
A)  powerful 
B)  weak 
C)  sporadic 
D)  reinforcing

Question 3

Stimulus control appears in ________ conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A)  operant, but not classical, 
B)  both classical and operant 
C)  classical, but not operant, 
D)  neither classical nor operant 
A)  operant, but not classical, 
B)  both classical and operant 
C)  classical, but not operant, 
D)  neither classical nor operant

Question 4

Learned helplessness can only occur in animals, not in humans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Explain the goals and results of the Little Albert study. Also, describe other efforts to apply classical conditioning principles to humans, such as desensitization.

Accepted Answer

The Little Albert study was conducted by

Question 6

A child who calls all four-legged animals "doggies" is exhibiting ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  response inhibition 
B)  stimulus generalization 
C)  response generalization 
D)  stimulus inhibition 
A)  response inhibition 
B)  stimulus generalization 
C)  response generalization 
D)  stimulus inhibition

Question 7

Since Tolman's time, little research has been done on the nature of latent learning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

In Bandura's classic (1965) study, children played more aggressively when a model was rewarded for aggressive behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Barbara suffers from tension headaches. Her doctor teaches her to control them by attaching an electronic device that emits a tone to her head. Even slight relaxation of her head muscles causes the tone to drop. By relaxing her head muscles, her headaches are relieved. This technique is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  contingency training 
B)  social learning 
C)  biofeedback 
D)  preparedness 
A)  contingency training 
B)  social learning 
C)  biofeedback 
D)  preparedness

Question 10

A puppy has ruined four pairs of shoes by chewing them up at times when the family is not home. Which of the following is the most effective way to use punishment to teach the puppy not to chew shoes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Make a loud noise whenever you come home and find shoes chewed up, but then hug it and give it a bone so that it won't be afraid of you. 
B)  Make a loud noise whenever you catch it in the act of chewing shoes, but then hug it and give it a bone so that it won't be afraid of you. 
C)  Make a loud noise whenever you catch it in the act of chewing shoes, but not at other times. 
D)  Make a loud noise whenever you come home and find shoes chewed up. 
A)  Make a loud noise whenever you come home and find shoes chewed up, but then hug it and give it a bone so that it won't be afraid of you. 
B)  Make a loud noise whenever you catch it in the act of chewing shoes, but then hug it and give it a bone so that it won't be afraid of you. 
C)  Make a loud noise whenever you catch it in the act of chewing shoes, but not at other times. 
D)  Make a loud noise whenever you come home and find shoes chewed up.

Question 11

In classical conditioning the learner is ________, and in operant conditioning the learner is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  passive; active Correct : Classical conditioning involves a "spreading" of reflexive behaviors, and thus it is passive learning. 
B)  active; passive Incorrect : This is the opposite of the correct answer. 
C)  active; active 
D)  passive; passive 
A)  passive; active Correct : Classical conditioning involves a "spreading" of reflexive behaviors, and thus it is passive learning. 
B)  active; passive Incorrect : This is the opposite of the correct answer. 
C)  active; active 
D)  passive; passive

Question 12

In classical conditioning the desired behavior is usually ________, and in operant conditioning, the desired behavior is usually ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  voluntary; involuntary 
B)  voluntary; voluntary 
C)  involuntary; voluntary 
D)  involuntary; involuntary 
A)  voluntary; involuntary 
B)  voluntary; voluntary 
C)  involuntary; voluntary 
D)  involuntary; involuntary

Question 13

Abigail is trying to figure out how she can best use employee pay to shape her employees' behavior. She is worried about consistent behavior, not speed. Therefore, she is interested in getting a slow but steady rate of response from her workers. According to reinforcement principles, she should probably use a ________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  variable-ratio 
C)  fixed-interval 
D)  variable-interval 
A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  variable-ratio 
C)  fixed-interval 
D)  variable-interval

Question 14

Which of the following is a primary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A)  money 
B)  poker chips 
C)  a bar of candy 
D)  a buzzer 
A)  money 
B)  poker chips 
C)  a bar of candy 
D)  a buzzer

Question 15

Learning that occurs but is not immediately reflected in a behavior change is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  innate learning 
B)  latent learning 
C)  insight 
D)  vicarious learning 
A)  innate learning 
B)  latent learning 
C)  insight 
D)  vicarious learning

Question 16

Research on the use of rewards to facilitate learning indicates that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  linking rewards to learning reduces intrinsic motivation but not creativity 
B)  linking rewards to learning does not compromise either intrinsic motivation or creativity 
C)  linking rewards to learning reduces creativity but not intrinsic motivation 
D)  even when used properly, linking rewards to learning actually reduces intrinsic motivation and creativity 
A)  linking rewards to learning reduces intrinsic motivation but not creativity 
B)  linking rewards to learning does not compromise either intrinsic motivation or creativity 
C)  linking rewards to learning reduces creativity but not intrinsic motivation 
D)  even when used properly, linking rewards to learning actually reduces intrinsic motivation and creativity

Question 17

A response that takes place in an organism whenever an unconditioned stimulus occurs is a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  reflex 
B)  conditioned response 
C)  vicarious response 
D)  unconditioned response 
A)  reflex 
B)  conditioned response 
C)  vicarious response 
D)  unconditioned response

Question 18

In operant conditioning, extinction occurs as a result of withholding ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement 
B)  the conditioned stimulus 
C)  the unconditioned stimulus 
D)  punishment 
A)  reinforcement 
B)  the conditioned stimulus 
C)  the unconditioned stimulus 
D)  punishment

Question 19

For observational learning to occur, each of the following must happen except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  being reinforced for imitating the model 
B)  remembering what the model did 
C)  paying attention to what the model does 
D)  do what the model did 
A)  being reinforced for imitating the model 
B)  remembering what the model did 
C)  paying attention to what the model does 
D)  do what the model did

Question 20

A child is praised for using his fork instead of his fingers to eat some spaghetti. This is an example of ________ reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  extrinsic 
B)  higher-order 
C)  primary 
D)  positive 
A)  extrinsic 
B)  higher-order 
C)  primary 
D)  positive

Each of the following is true of classical and operant conditioning except ________.

Punishment is a(n) ________ controller of behavior.

Stimulus control appears in ________ conditioning.

Learned helplessness can only occur in animals, not in humans.

Explain the goals and results of the Little Albert study. Also, describe other efforts to apply classical conditioning principles to humans, such as desensitization.

A child who calls all four-legged animals "doggies" is exhibiting ________.

Since Tolman's time, little research has been done on the nature of latent learning.

In Bandura's classic (1965) study, children played more aggressively when a model was rewarded for aggressive behavior.

A puppy has ruined four pairs of shoes by chewing them up at times when the family is not home. Which of the following is the most effective way to use punishment to teach the puppy not to chew shoes?

In classical conditioning the learner is , and in operant conditioning the learner is .

In classical conditioning the desired behavior is usually , and in operant conditioning, the desired behavior is usually .

Which of the following is a primary reinforcer?

Learning that occurs but is not immediately reflected in a behavior change is called ________.

Research on the use of rewards to facilitate learning indicates that ________.

A response that takes place in an organism whenever an unconditioned stimulus occurs is a(n) ________.

In operant conditioning, extinction occurs as a result of withholding ________.

For observational learning to occur, each of the following must happen except ________.

A child is praised for using his fork instead of his fingers to eat some spaghetti. This is an example of ________ reinforcement.

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Exam 5: Learning

Each of the following is true of classical and operant conditioning except ________.

Punishment is a(n) ________ controller of behavior.

Stimulus control appears in ________ conditioning.

Learned helplessness can only occur in animals, not in humans.

Explain the goals and results of the Little Albert study. Also, describe other efforts to apply classical conditioning principles to humans, such as desensitization.

A child who calls all four-legged animals "doggies" is exhibiting ________.

Since Tolman's time, little research has been done on the nature of latent learning.

In Bandura's classic (1965) study, children played more aggressively when a model was rewarded for aggressive behavior.

A puppy has ruined four pairs of shoes by chewing them up at times when the family is not home. Which of the following is the most effective way to use punishment to teach the puppy not to chew shoes?

In classical conditioning the learner is ________, and in operant conditioning the learner is ________.

In classical conditioning the desired behavior is usually ________, and in operant conditioning, the desired behavior is usually ________.

Which of the following is a primary reinforcer?

Learning that occurs but is not immediately reflected in a behavior change is called ________.

Research on the use of rewards to facilitate learning indicates that ________.

A response that takes place in an organism whenever an unconditioned stimulus occurs is a(n) ________.

In operant conditioning, extinction occurs as a result of withholding ________.

For observational learning to occur, each of the following must happen except ________.

A child is praised for using his fork instead of his fingers to eat some spaghetti. This is an example of ________ reinforcement.

The Science of Psychology

The Biological Basis of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Cognition and Mental Abilities

Motivation and Emotion

Life-Span Development

Personality

Stress and Health Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Social Psychology

Measurement and Statistical Methods

Psychology Applied to Work

Filters

In classical conditioning the learner is , and in operant conditioning the learner is .

In classical conditioning the desired behavior is usually , and in operant conditioning, the desired behavior is usually .