Question 1

Conditioned taste aversions are typically learned after ________ pairing(s) between the aversive food and the nauseous reaction to it.

Accepted Answer

A)  only one 
B)  two to four 
C)  four to six 
D)  six to eight 
A)  only one 
B)  two to four 
C)  four to six 
D)  six to eight

Question 2

________ occur(s) in classical conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A)  Neither extinction nor spontaneous recovery 
B)  Spontaneous recovery, but not extinction, 
C)  Both extinction and spontaneous recovery 
D)  Extinction, but not spontaneous recovery, 
A)  Neither extinction nor spontaneous recovery 
B)  Spontaneous recovery, but not extinction, 
C)  Both extinction and spontaneous recovery 
D)  Extinction, but not spontaneous recovery,

Question 3

Rachel has found that when she opens the cupboard door to get the cat food, the cats come running to the kitchen. Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning and that the unconditioned stimulus is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cupboard door opening 
B)  cat food 
C)  running of the cats 
D)  cat 
A)  cupboard door opening 
B)  cat food 
C)  running of the cats 
D)  cat

Question 4

Wolpe's therapy for treating anxiety, which involves the pairing of relaxation training with a hierarchical list of fearful situations, is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  desensitization 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  shaping 
D)  aversive conditioning 
A)  desensitization 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  shaping 
D)  aversive conditioning

Question 5

Your dog Hans loves to ride in the car. Whenever anyone picks up a set of keys he races for the door. When your grandmother, who is afraid of dogs, arrives for a visit, Hans is not allowed to ride in the car. By the end of her two-week visit, he has ceased going to the door when the keys come out. However, after a brief vacation away from home, he's back at the door again as soon as he hears the keys. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Generalization has occurred. 
B)  Grandma produced external inhibition in the dog. 
C)  Spontaneous recovery has occurred. 
D)  Counterconditioning occurred during the vacation. 
A)  Generalization has occurred. 
B)  Grandma produced external inhibition in the dog. 
C)  Spontaneous recovery has occurred. 
D)  Counterconditioning occurred during the vacation.

Question 6

Social learning theory stresses that people can reward or punish themselves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Conditioned taste aversions are found ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  in humans and other animals with a well-developed sense of taste 
B)  only in nonhuman animals 
C)  in virtually all animals 
D)  only in humans 
A)  in humans and other animals with a well-developed sense of taste 
B)  only in nonhuman animals 
C)  in virtually all animals 
D)  only in humans

Question 8

Perry works at a job where he is paid by commission. For every car Perry sells, he gets 10 percent of the profits. Perry is being reinforced on a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-ratio schedule 
B)  fixed-interval schedule 
C)  variable-interval schedule 
D)  variable-ratio schedule 
A)  fixed-ratio schedule 
B)  fixed-interval schedule 
C)  variable-interval schedule 
D)  variable-ratio schedule

Question 9

Watson's Little Albert study demonstrated the effectiveness of classical conditioning in humans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Social learning theorists focus on vicarious, or observational, learning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Compare and contrast positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement in terms of their methods and effects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast positive reinforcement and negative...

Question 12

The type of learning in which a response naturally elicited by one type of stimulus is elicited by different, formerly neutral, stimulus is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  vicarious learning 
C)  cognitive restructuring 
D)  operant conditioning 
A)  classical conditioning 
B)  vicarious learning 
C)  cognitive restructuring 
D)  operant conditioning

Question 13

A child is scolded for using his fingers instead of his fork to eat some spaghetti. The scolding stops when he picks up his fork. Stopping the scolding is an example of ________ reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative 
B)  tertiary 
C)  secondary 
D)  positive 
A)  negative 
B)  tertiary 
C)  secondary 
D)  positive

Question 14

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A)  money 
B)  a drink of water 
C)  warm, physical contact 
D)  a bar of candy 
A)  money 
B)  a drink of water 
C)  warm, physical contact 
D)  a bar of candy

Question 15

Researchers have discovered that many autoimmune disorders can be successfully controlled without drug treatments through the use of ________ procedures.

Accepted Answer

A)  desensitization 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  vicarious learning 
D)  classical conditioning 
A)  desensitization 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  vicarious learning 
D)  classical conditioning

Question 16

A person is conditioned to fear white rats. Soon after, she also begins to fear white cats, white dogs, and white rabbits. Her new fears result from ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  response generalization 
B)  stimulus discrimination 
C)  stimulus generalization 
D)  vicarious reinforcement 
A)  response generalization 
B)  stimulus discrimination 
C)  stimulus generalization 
D)  vicarious reinforcement

Question 17

Briefly discuss the focus of cognitive learning theorists and describe some representative research used to support their views.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive learning theorists focus on un

Question 18

Each of the following is true of learned helplessness except________.

Accepted Answer

A)  it decreases motivation to try different responses that might bring relief from an unpleasant situation 
B)  it can be found in both people and animals 
C)  once established it generalizes to new situations 
D)  success in solving new problems is quite effective in eliminating it 
A)  it decreases motivation to try different responses that might bring relief from an unpleasant situation 
B)  it can be found in both people and animals 
C)  once established it generalizes to new situations 
D)  success in solving new problems is quite effective in eliminating it

Question 19

An experimenter attempting to classically condition a new behavior in a dog unintentionally presents the CS without the US several times during the conditioning process. She finds that this intermittent pairing ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases the rate of learning and the strength of the final learned response 
B)  has no effect on the rate of learning or the strength of the final learned response 
C)  increases the rate of learning but decreases the strength of the final learned response 
D)  reduces the rate of learning and the strength of the final learned response 
A)  increases the rate of learning and the strength of the final learned response 
B)  has no effect on the rate of learning or the strength of the final learned response 
C)  increases the rate of learning but decreases the strength of the final learned response 
D)  reduces the rate of learning and the strength of the final learned response

Question 20

After conditioning, the response an organism produces when only a conditioned stimulus is presented is a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned response 
B)  unconditioned response 
C)  reflex 
D)  vicarious response 
A)  conditioned response 
B)  unconditioned response 
C)  reflex 
D)  vicarious response

Conditioned taste aversions are typically learned after ________ pairing(s) between the aversive food and the nauseous reaction to it.

________ occur(s) in classical conditioning.

Rachel has found that when she opens the cupboard door to get the cat food, the cats come running to the kitchen. Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning and that the unconditioned stimulus is the ________.

Wolpe's therapy for treating anxiety, which involves the pairing of relaxation training with a hierarchical list of fearful situations, is called ________.

Social learning theory stresses that people can reward or punish themselves.

Conditioned taste aversions are found ________.

Perry works at a job where he is paid by commission. For every car Perry sells, he gets 10 percent of the profits. Perry is being reinforced on a ________.

Watson's Little Albert study demonstrated the effectiveness of classical conditioning in humans.

Social learning theorists focus on vicarious, or observational, learning.

Compare and contrast positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement in terms of their methods and effects.

The type of learning in which a response naturally elicited by one type of stimulus is elicited by different, formerly neutral, stimulus is called ________.

A child is scolded for using his fingers instead of his fork to eat some spaghetti. The scolding stops when he picks up his fork. Stopping the scolding is an example of ________ reinforcement.

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

Researchers have discovered that many autoimmune disorders can be successfully controlled without drug treatments through the use of ________ procedures.

A person is conditioned to fear white rats. Soon after, she also begins to fear white cats, white dogs, and white rabbits. Her new fears result from ________.

Briefly discuss the focus of cognitive learning theorists and describe some representative research used to support their views.

Each of the following is true of learned helplessness except________.

An experimenter attempting to classically condition a new behavior in a dog unintentionally presents the CS without the US several times during the conditioning process. She finds that this intermittent pairing ________.

After conditioning, the response an organism produces when only a conditioned stimulus is presented is a(n) ________.

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Exam 5: Learning

Conditioned taste aversions are typically learned after ________ pairing(s) between the aversive food and the nauseous reaction to it.

________ occur(s) in classical conditioning.

Rachel has found that when she opens the cupboard door to get the cat food, the cats come running to the kitchen. Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning and that the unconditioned stimulus is the ________.

Wolpe's therapy for treating anxiety, which involves the pairing of relaxation training with a hierarchical list of fearful situations, is called ________.

Social learning theory stresses that people can reward or punish themselves.

Conditioned taste aversions are found ________.

Perry works at a job where he is paid by commission. For every car Perry sells, he gets 10 percent of the profits. Perry is being reinforced on a ________.

Watson's Little Albert study demonstrated the effectiveness of classical conditioning in humans.

Social learning theorists focus on vicarious, or observational, learning.

Compare and contrast positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement in terms of their methods and effects.

The type of learning in which a response naturally elicited by one type of stimulus is elicited by different, formerly neutral, stimulus is called ________.

A child is scolded for using his fingers instead of his fork to eat some spaghetti. The scolding stops when he picks up his fork. Stopping the scolding is an example of ________ reinforcement.

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

Researchers have discovered that many autoimmune disorders can be successfully controlled without drug treatments through the use of ________ procedures.

A person is conditioned to fear white rats. Soon after, she also begins to fear white cats, white dogs, and white rabbits. Her new fears result from ________.

Briefly discuss the focus of cognitive learning theorists and describe some representative research used to support their views.

Each of the following is true of learned helplessness except________.

An experimenter attempting to classically condition a new behavior in a dog unintentionally presents the CS without the US several times during the conditioning process. She finds that this intermittent pairing ________.

After conditioning, the response an organism produces when only a conditioned stimulus is presented is a(n) ________.

The Science of Psychology

The Biological Basis of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Cognition and Mental Abilities

Motivation and Emotion

Life-Span Development

Personality

Stress and Health Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Social Psychology

Measurement and Statistical Methods

Psychology Applied to Work

Filters