Exam 5: Learning

Ivan Pavlov is most closely associated with ________.

Extinction and spontaneous recovery occur in ________ conditioning.

A child learns that whenever he eats all of his dinner he gets a cookie for dessert. This type of learning is BEST explained by ________.

Which of the following is NOT an example of preparedness in conditioning?

The concept of latent learning was developed by ________.

Which of the following statements is true?

Reinforcement experienced by models that affects the willingness of others to perform the behavior they learned by observing those models is called ________ reinforcement.

Which of the following is NOT an example of operantly learned behavior?

When someone uses negative reinforcement to change a behavior, the behavior is likely to ________.

Pairing the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus on only a portion of the learning trials is called ________.

Each of the following makes punishment more effective except when it is ________.

In the Watson and Rayner study of Little Albert, the UR was ________ and the CR was ________.

Abigail is trying to figure out how she can best use employee pay to shape her employees' behavior. She is interested in short-term productivity (speed), not consistency, long-term productivity, or employee turnover. According to reinforcement theory, she should use a ________ schedule.

In higher order conditioning, objects that have no intrinsic value but become reinforcers because of their association with other, more basic reinforcers, are known as ________ reinforcers.

An experimenter finds that a certain male subject always has an increased heartbeat when he hears a certain piece of music. The experimenter sounds a buzzer and then plays the piece of music. The experimenter repeats this procedure until the man responds with an increased heartbeat to the sound of the buzzer alone. In this situation, the conditioned response is ________.

A reliable "if-then" relationship between two events such as a CS and a US is called a ________.

In negative reinforcement, the ________ of a(n) ________ stimulus follows a response and changes the likelihood of that response reoccurring.

Lila doesn't like her psychology class because the instructor uses unannounced "pop" exams to test the class. As a result, she never knows when she will be tested. Her instructor is testing her on a ________ schedule.

At the National Zoological Park in Washington, D. C., a polar bear suffered a broken tooth and keepers needed a safe way of treating the problem. The bear was rewarded first for sticking its nose through a slot in the cage door, then for allowing a keeper to lift its lip and touch its teeth. Finally, a veterinarian was able to treat the damaged tooth while the bear waited placidly for its familiar reward. This is an example of ________.

Skinner found that if he randomly presented rewards to pigeons in a Skinner box, the pigeons ________.