Exam 5: Learning

Kevin is a good student. He studies hard because when he does he gets the teacher's approval. His studying behavior was probably learned through ________.

Vicarious learning is another term for ________.

The psychologist most closely associated with the concept of preparedness is ________.

________ reinforcers result in the learning of new behaviors or the strengthening of existing ones.

The basic difference between punishment and reinforcement boils down to a difference between ________.

A reinforcer that removes something unpleasant from a situation is a(n) ________ reinforcer.

Any event whose reduction or termination increases the likelihood that an ongoing behavior will recur is a(n) ________.

Thorndike is known for his experiments demonstrating latent learning in rats.

A monkey learns that given three differently shaped boxes (square, round, and triangular), food will always be found under the round box. Once this learning has occurred, the monkey only looks under the round box for food, ignoring the other boxes. This exemplifies the principle of ________.

A pigeon learns to peck at a red disk. It will not peck at an identical disk of any other color. This illustrates the concept of ________.

College students faced with unsolvable problems eventually give up and make only half hearted attempts to solve new problems, even when the new problems can be solved easily. This behavior is probably due to ________.

A salesperson who gets an increase in salary for every 100 policies he or she sells is being reinforced according to what schedule of reinforcement?

Reacting to a stimulus that is similar to the one to which you have learned to respond to is called response generalization.

The ability to become increasingly more effective in solving problems as more problems are solved is known as ________.

The use of intermittent pairing ________ the rate of learning while it ________ the final strength of the learned response.

In an experiment, the pupils of subjects' eyes contracted when a bright light was shown. After continual pairing of the bright light with the sound of a bell, subjects' pupils contracted when they heard the bell. After the pairing of the sound of the bell with the presentation of a black square, pupil contraction occurred with just the sight of the square. In this study, the unconditioned stimulus is (stimuli are) the ________.

Learning is a process by which experience results in ________.

Rachel has found that when she opens the cupboard door to get the cat food, the cats come running to the kitchen. Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning and that the conditioned stimulus is the ________.

Punishment alone works better than punishment combined with reinforcement of the desired behavior.

A fourth-grade teacher realized that one of his students was misbehaving in order to receive attention. The teacher decided to ignore all instances of the misbehavior. The teacher is using ________.