Exam 5: Learning

When the US is no longer paired with the CS or when reinforcement is no longer presented following a learned response, a process called ________ occurs.

Operant conditioning operates on the principle that behaviors occur more often when they are ________.

The process by which experience or practice results in a relatively permanent change in behavior or potential behavior is known as ________.

Gloria, the star in the school play, must cry when her "father" tells her to leave home. During rehearsal, Gloria holds an onion near her eyes when her "father" tells her to leave. The onion serves as the ________ while being told to "leave home" is the ________.

Each of the following is true of punishment except it ________.

The law of effect is the same thing as classical conditioning.

An animal is placed in a box with a bar and also a wire floor that can deliver a mild shock. The experimenter first sounds a buzzer, then a few seconds later turns on the shock. Pressing the bar after the buzzer sounds but before the shock is delivered will prevent the shock from occurring. This is an example of ________.

Classical conditioning has been demonstrated ________.

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented. In this experiment, the ringing of the bell was the ________.

The transfer of a learned response to a different but similar stimulus is called ________.

Which of the following is true?

Any stimulus that follows a behavior and increases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated is called a ________.

Name and briefly discuss each of the four schedules of reinforcement. In your discussion, be sure to give an example for each schedule and describe the response pattern that typically results from each schedule.

The process of presenting the conditioned stimulus alone so often that the learner no longer associates it with the unconditioned stimulus and stops making the conditioned response is called ________.

A researcher trains a little boy to fear a rabbit by making a loud, frightening noise every time the boy approaches the rabbit. This type of learning is known as ________.

A reinforcer that adds something rewarding to a situation is a(n) ________ reinforcer.

An originally neutral stimulus that is paired with an unconditioned stimulus and eventually produces the desired response when presented alone is a(n) ________.

Punishment is the same as negative reinforcement.

Spontaneous, voluntary behaviors that you engage in by choice are called ________ behaviors.

Presenting the unconditioned stimulus before the conditioned stimulus is known as ________ conditioning.