Exam 7: Learning and Conditioning

In classical conditioning, ________ occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.

According to Pavlov, learning occurs when:

From the behaviorist perspective, the reduction in pain that follows taking a placebo is a conditioned response.

Having one's hair lightly stroked would be a primary reinforcer.

In classical conditioning, when the conditioned response is extinguished, but reappears later, the reappearance of the response is called:

Ivan Pavlov studied the reflexive flow of saliva in dogs. He used meat powder or other food to trigger the salivation. It was later observed that the salivation in the dog was triggered when the dog saw its dog dish, even before the food was placed in it. In this instance, the dog dish is the ________.

Joan begs her father for a frosted cookie at the bakery but he refuses to buy her one. Joan continues to whine and complain until finally he breaks down and gets her the cookie. For her dad, the cessation of Joan's whiny behavior is a ________.

A(n) ________ stimulus signals when a particular response is likely to be followed by a certain type of consequence.

Graham is a 5-year-old who has a conditioned fear of furry and hairy things. He is fond of a snack of milk and chocolate cookies and associates pleasant feelings with it. Psychologists pair a cat with the snack that Graham enjoys until his fear of the cat goes away. This is an example of ________.

During operant learning, the tendency for an organism to revert to innate, species-specific behaviors is called ________.

Which of the following portrays an intrinsic reinforcer?

What kind of consequence will follow if you can't answer these questions? -Brittany nags her father for a cookie; he keeps refusing. Finally, unable to stand the nagging any longer, he hands over the cookie. For him, silence from Brittany is a __________. For Brittany, the cookie is a __________.

A basic principle governing operant conditioning is that:

Food and water are examples of ________.

Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?

In classical conditioning, ________ is the process of pairing a conditioned stimulus with a stimulus that elicits a response that is incompatible with an unwanted conditioned response.

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

When Luke kissed Laura, her heart rate increased. Luke always wore Axe body spray. Whenever Laura smelled Axe body spray, her heart raced. Luke's kiss was the:

In Watson and Rayner's "Little Albert" study, each time the rat was presented to the boy it was accompanied by a loud noise. In this experiment, Albert's reaction of fear upon hearing the loud noise was the ________.

Which of the following statements is true of the behaviorist perspective?