Exam 7: Learning and Conditioning

Counterconditioning occurs when a learned response reoccurs after its apparent extinction.

Mary arrives home to find her son washing the dirty dishes left from his party the night before. When she discovers his first-semester grade report on the table and sees that he got straight A's, Mary rewards him by relieving him of the unpleasant task of finishing the dishes. Which operant process does the example illustrate?

Margaret gives her son a quarter every time he makes his bed; she is using ________.

Martha trains her cat Whiskers to salivate to the sound of a bell. She rings the bell every fifteen minutes and doesn't follow it with food for Whiskers. It salivates less and less and finally stops salivating at the sound of the ringing bell. A week later, she finds Whiskers salivating to the sound of a ringing bell. Which of the following terms explains this response?

When Luke kissed Laura, her heart rate increased. Luke always wore Axe body spray. Whenever Laura smelled Axe body spray, her heart raced. The smell of the body spray was the:

B. F. Skinner used a chamber equipped with a device that delivers food or water when an animal makes a desired response. This device is called a(n):

________ is an operant-conditioning procedure in which successive approximations of a desired response are reinforced.

Gary trains his hamster to roll a marble. First, he reinforces the hamster when it walks toward the marble, then he reinforces when it touches the marble with its nose. Finally, the hamster learns to roll the marble and is reinforced for it. This example illustrates ________.

A negative reinforcement is a type of punishment.

Which of the following is a primary reinforcer?

Elton's mother has been nagging that he should practice at the piano for the upcoming competition. Elton eventually complies to stop her nagging. This example illustrates _______________.

Higher-order conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through association with an already established conditioned stimulus.

Initially, when John Watson and his colleague, Rosalie Rayner, showed Little Albert a live white rat. Albert:

Geoff's friends tease him for visiting the public library during summer holidays. As a result, Geoff stops visiting the library. In this example, the teasing acted as:

Higher-order conditioning may contribute to the formation of:

In classical conditioning, ________ occurs when a stimulus similar to the conditioned stimulus fails to evoke the conditional response.

In classical conditioning, ________ occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.

What must be paired together for classical conditioning to occur?

The neutral stimulus, when paired with an unconditioned stimulus, becomes a(n) ________ in classical conditioning.

Individuals being treated for cancer may develop nausea when they arrive at the place where they have been receiving chemotherapy. In this case, the unconditioned stimulus is ________.