Question 1

Natural killer cells:

Accepted Answer

A)  are activated by IL-2 and interferon-gamma. 
B)  only attack bacteria. 
C)  cannot interact with antibodies. 
D)  secrete interferon-gamma to activate helper T-cells. 
E)  have primary responsibility for mass-manufacturing antibodies against foreign antigens. 
A)  are activated by IL-2 and interferon-gamma. 
B)  only attack bacteria. 
C)  cannot interact with antibodies. 
D)  secrete interferon-gamma to activate helper T-cells. 
E)  have primary responsibility for mass-manufacturing antibodies against foreign antigens. A

Question 2

Treatment of individuals with HIV infection focuses upon early detection by interfering with the processes involved in replication and assembly of the virus by T lymphocytes, rather than attacking infected host cells directly.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

B cells that differentiate during an initial immune response but remain dormant until being activated during a subsequent exposure to an antigen are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  T cells. 
B)  memory cells. 
C)  macrophages. 
D)  monocytes. 
E)  cytokines. 
A)  T cells. 
B)  memory cells. 
C)  macrophages. 
D)  monocytes. 
E)  cytokines. B

Question 4

Drugs that block the production of cytokines, like cyclosporin, may be useful for treating autoimmune disorders.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A chemical that causes binding of a phagocyte to a microbe is called a chemotaxin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which type of allergy/hypersensitivity occurs independent of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A)  immune-complex hypersensitivity 
B)  immediate hypersensitivity 
C)  cytotoxic hypersensitivity 
D)  delayed hypersensitivity 
A)  immune-complex hypersensitivity 
B)  immediate hypersensitivity 
C)  cytotoxic hypersensitivity 
D)  delayed hypersensitivity

Question 7

Histamine is a mediator of inflammatory responses that is generated by enzymatic cleavage of a plasma precursor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

After initial entry of bacteria into a cut in the skin, vasodilation of local blood vessels and increased capillary permeability occur. Which of the following events is NOT part of the adaptive immune response to the infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  antigen interaction with lymphocytes 
B)  production of antibodies that bind to antigens 
C)  B-cell differentiation into plasma cells 
D)  vasodilation of local blood vessels 
E)  activation of lymphocytes 
A)  antigen interaction with lymphocytes 
B)  production of antibodies that bind to antigens 
C)  B-cell differentiation into plasma cells 
D)  vasodilation of local blood vessels 
E)  activation of lymphocytes

Question 9

The immune system destroys or neutralizes:

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria. 
B)  viruses. 
C)  nonmicrobial foreign substances. 
D)  cancer cells that arise in the body. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  bacteria. 
B)  viruses. 
C)  nonmicrobial foreign substances. 
D)  cancer cells that arise in the body. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 10

Which is normally present in a subject with type O blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  erythrocytes carrying type A antigen 
B)  erythrocytes carrying type B antigen 
C)  both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma 
D)  erythrocytes with both type A antigen and type B antigen 
E)  plasma that has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies 
A)  erythrocytes carrying type A antigen 
B)  erythrocytes carrying type B antigen 
C)  both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma 
D)  erythrocytes with both type A antigen and type B antigen 
E)  plasma that has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies

Question 11

Which is NOT true about viruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  They consist of a nucleic acid surrounded by a carbohydrate shell. 
B)  They require a host cell in order to reproduce themselves. 
C)  They may reside in a host cell for years without killing it. 
D)  They may cause a host cell to become cancerous. 
E)  They may have genetic information in the form of RNA. 
A)  They consist of a nucleic acid surrounded by a carbohydrate shell. 
B)  They require a host cell in order to reproduce themselves. 
C)  They may reside in a host cell for years without killing it. 
D)  They may cause a host cell to become cancerous. 
E)  They may have genetic information in the form of RNA.

Question 12

After activation of C3 of the complement system, which of these is a role of its component part, C3b?

Accepted Answer

A)  It acts as an enzyme to convert nitric oxide into hydrogen peroxide. 
B)  It causes vasodilation of local blood vessels. 
C)  It acts as a chemotaxin for macrophages. 
D)  It stimulates the conversion of monocytes to neutrophils. 
E)  It acts as an opsonin that is recognized by phagocytes targeting the microbe for destruction. 
A)  It acts as an enzyme to convert nitric oxide into hydrogen peroxide. 
B)  It causes vasodilation of local blood vessels. 
C)  It acts as a chemotaxin for macrophages. 
D)  It stimulates the conversion of monocytes to neutrophils. 
E)  It acts as an opsonin that is recognized by phagocytes targeting the microbe for destruction.

Question 13

The skin constitutes a good barrier for foreign chemicals that are nonpolar.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Individuals who have been infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV):

Accepted Answer

A)  always manifest symptoms early in the disease process. 
B)  can be diagnosed only when they develop certain rare forms of cancer. 
C)  succumb to the disease in a relatively brief period of time after infection due to massive loss of T lymphocytes. 
D)  generally are diagnosed by detection of anti-HIV antibodies or HIV RNA in their blood. 
E)  have normal B-cell and cytotoxic T-cell function. 
A)  always manifest symptoms early in the disease process. 
B)  can be diagnosed only when they develop certain rare forms of cancer. 
C)  succumb to the disease in a relatively brief period of time after infection due to massive loss of T lymphocytes. 
D)  generally are diagnosed by detection of anti-HIV antibodies or HIV RNA in their blood. 
E)  have normal B-cell and cytotoxic T-cell function.

Question 15

Which of these correctly describes a systemic response to infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Appetite generally increases compared to normal. 
B)  The body's set point temperature is reset so that body temperature is maintained lower than normal. 
C)  The liver retains iron and zinc so plasma levels are decreased from normal. 
D)  There is reduced breakdown of triglycerides in adiopse tissue and a decrease in plasma free fatty acids compared to normal. 
E)  Secretion of cortisol by the adrenal cortex is decreased. 
A)  Appetite generally increases compared to normal. 
B)  The body's set point temperature is reset so that body temperature is maintained lower than normal. 
C)  The liver retains iron and zinc so plasma levels are decreased from normal. 
D)  There is reduced breakdown of triglycerides in adiopse tissue and a decrease in plasma free fatty acids compared to normal. 
E)  Secretion of cortisol by the adrenal cortex is decreased.

Question 16

T lymphocytes mature primarily in the thymus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which class of antibodies are commonly called gamma globulin?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgM 
B)  IgE 
C)  IgG 
D)  IgA 
E)  IgD 
A)  IgM 
B)  IgE 
C)  IgG 
D)  IgA 
E)  IgD

Question 18

The local response to injury in the body is called infection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following statements regarding phagocytosis is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Macrophages are the only phagocytes in the tissues. 
B)  The microbe engulfed by the phagocyte is killed by lysosomal enzymes and hydrogen peroxide. 
C)  Phagocytosis is controlled by a negative feedback mechanism whereby phagocytes release chemicals that inhibit further phagocytosis. 
D)  The microbe engulfed by the phagocyte is killed by the membrane attack complex (MA
C) . 
E)  Antibodies found inside lysosomes attack and kill microbes that are engulfed by phagocytosis. 
A)  Macrophages are the only phagocytes in the tissues. 
B)  The microbe engulfed by the phagocyte is killed by lysosomal enzymes and hydrogen peroxide. 
C)  Phagocytosis is controlled by a negative feedback mechanism whereby phagocytes release chemicals that inhibit further phagocytosis. 
D)  The microbe engulfed by the phagocyte is killed by the membrane attack complex (MA
C) . 
E)  Antibodies found inside lysosomes attack and kill microbes that are engulfed by phagocytosis.

Question 20

The appearance of the signs and symptoms of AIDS in an HIV-infected individual generally appear after the virus has had enough time to replicate within host tissue cells and to cause death and destruction of cells critical to mounting a normal immune response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Natural killer cells:

Treatment of individuals with HIV infection focuses upon early detection by interfering with the processes involved in replication and assembly of the virus by T lymphocytes, rather than attacking infected host cells directly.

B cells that differentiate during an initial immune response but remain dormant until being activated during a subsequent exposure to an antigen are called:

Drugs that block the production of cytokines, like cyclosporin, may be useful for treating autoimmune disorders.

A chemical that causes binding of a phagocyte to a microbe is called a chemotaxin.

Which type of allergy/hypersensitivity occurs independent of antibodies?

Histamine is a mediator of inflammatory responses that is generated by enzymatic cleavage of a plasma precursor.

After initial entry of bacteria into a cut in the skin, vasodilation of local blood vessels and increased capillary permeability occur. Which of the following events is NOT part of the adaptive immune response to the infection?

The immune system destroys or neutralizes:

Which is normally present in a subject with type O blood?

Which is NOT true about viruses?

After activation of C3 of the complement system, which of these is a role of its component part, C3b?

The skin constitutes a good barrier for foreign chemicals that are nonpolar.

Individuals who have been infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV):

Which of these correctly describes a systemic response to infection?

T lymphocytes mature primarily in the thymus.

Which class of antibodies are commonly called gamma globulin?

The local response to injury in the body is called infection.

Which of the following statements regarding phagocytosis is TRUE?

The appearance of the signs and symptoms of AIDS in an HIV-infected individual generally appear after the virus has had enough time to replicate within host tissue cells and to cause death and destruction of cells critical to mounting a normal immune response.

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling in Physiology

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

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Exam 18: The Immune System

Natural killer cells:

Treatment of individuals with HIV infection focuses upon early detection by interfering with the processes involved in replication and assembly of the virus by T lymphocytes, rather than attacking infected host cells directly.

B cells that differentiate during an initial immune response but remain dormant until being activated during a subsequent exposure to an antigen are called:

Drugs that block the production of cytokines, like cyclosporin, may be useful for treating autoimmune disorders.

A chemical that causes binding of a phagocyte to a microbe is called a chemotaxin.

Which type of allergy/hypersensitivity occurs independent of antibodies?

Histamine is a mediator of inflammatory responses that is generated by enzymatic cleavage of a plasma precursor.

After initial entry of bacteria into a cut in the skin, vasodilation of local blood vessels and increased capillary permeability occur. Which of the following events is NOT part of the adaptive immune response to the infection?

The immune system destroys or neutralizes:

Which is normally present in a subject with type O blood?

Which is NOT true about viruses?

After activation of C3 of the complement system, which of these is a role of its component part, C3b?

The skin constitutes a good barrier for foreign chemicals that are nonpolar.

Individuals who have been infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV):

Which of these correctly describes a systemic response to infection?

T lymphocytes mature primarily in the thymus.

Which class of antibodies are commonly called gamma globulin?

The local response to injury in the body is called infection.

Which of the following statements regarding phagocytosis is TRUE?

The appearance of the signs and symptoms of AIDS in an HIV-infected individual generally appear after the virus has had enough time to replicate within host tissue cells and to cause death and destruction of cells critical to mounting a normal immune response.

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling in Physiology

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

Filters