Question 1

Homeostasis refers to the relative constancy of the external environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Which of these is NOT one of the four general categories of cells that make up the human body?

Accepted Answer

A)  epithelial cells 
B)  collagen cells 
C)  connective tissue cell 
D)  neuron 
E)  muscle cell 
A)  epithelial cells 
B)  collagen cells 
C)  connective tissue cell 
D)  neuron 
E)  muscle cell B

Question 3

Which equation is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  extracellular fluid volume + interstitial fluid volume = whole body fluid volume 
B)  intracellular fluid volume + interstitial fluid volume = extracellular fluid volume 
C)  extracellular fluid volume - interstitial fluid volume = plasma volume 
D)  plasma volume + intracellular fluid volume = extracellular fluid volume 
E)  total body fluid volume - intracellular fluid volume = interstitial fluid volume 
A)  extracellular fluid volume + interstitial fluid volume = whole body fluid volume 
B)  intracellular fluid volume + interstitial fluid volume = extracellular fluid volume 
C)  extracellular fluid volume - interstitial fluid volume = plasma volume 
D)  plasma volume + intracellular fluid volume = extracellular fluid volume 
E)  total body fluid volume - intracellular fluid volume = interstitial fluid volume C

Question 4

________________ is the general term for a chemical released by axon terminals into a synaptic cleft.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________________ is the general term for a...

Question 5

Homeostatic control systems and acclimatization are examples of biological adaptations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Physiology is the study of

Accepted Answer

A)  How two organisms interact 
B)  How organisms function 
C)  The spread of diseases 
D)  The structure of the body 
A)  How two organisms interact 
B)  How organisms function 
C)  The spread of diseases 
D)  The structure of the body

Question 7

What is the best description of the efferent pathway of a reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

A)  signals from the integrating center to receptors 
B)  the route by which receptors send signals to effectors 
C)  signaling pathway for receptors to influence the integrating center 
D)  the route by which effector organs send signals to receptors 
E)  the route by which signals from an integrating center reach effector organs 
A)  signals from the integrating center to receptors 
B)  the route by which receptors send signals to effectors 
C)  signaling pathway for receptors to influence the integrating center 
D)  the route by which effector organs send signals to receptors 
E)  the route by which signals from an integrating center reach effector organs

Question 8

_______________ regulation describes regulation of cellular activity by messengers from nearby cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______________ regulation describes regulation of cellular activity...

Question 9

The hormone insulin enhances the transport of glucose into body cells. Its secretion is controlled by a negative feedback system between the concentration of glucose in the blood and the cells that secrete insulin. Which of the following statements is most likely to be correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  A decrease in blood glucose concentration will stimulate insulin secretion, which will in turn lower the blood glucose concentration still further 
B)  An increase in blood glucose concentration will stimulate insulin secretion, which will in turn lower the blood glucose concentration 
C)  A decrease in blood glucose concentration will stimulate insulin secretion, which will in turn increase the blood glucose concentration 
D)  An increase in blood glucose concentration will stimulate insulin secretion, which will in turn increase the blood glucose concentration still further 
A)  A decrease in blood glucose concentration will stimulate insulin secretion, which will in turn lower the blood glucose concentration still further 
B)  An increase in blood glucose concentration will stimulate insulin secretion, which will in turn lower the blood glucose concentration 
C)  A decrease in blood glucose concentration will stimulate insulin secretion, which will in turn increase the blood glucose concentration 
D)  An increase in blood glucose concentration will stimulate insulin secretion, which will in turn increase the blood glucose concentration still further

Question 10

Feedforward regulatory processes

Accepted Answer

A)  work in anticipation of changes in regulated variables. 
B)  are identical to positive feedback processes 
C)  lead to instability of the regulated variable 
D)  maximize fluctuations in the regulated variable 
E)  tend to force physiological variables away from their set point. 
A)  work in anticipation of changes in regulated variables. 
B)  are identical to positive feedback processes 
C)  lead to instability of the regulated variable 
D)  maximize fluctuations in the regulated variable 
E)  tend to force physiological variables away from their set point.

Question 11

Differentiation is necessary before a cell can exchange material with its environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A burn patient ingests 100 grams of protein per day and loses 110 grams of protein per day due to the injury. What is the overall protein state of the patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Positive protein balance 
B)  Negative protein balance 
C)  Stable protein balance 
D)  A state that can't be determined 
A)  Positive protein balance 
B)  Negative protein balance 
C)  Stable protein balance 
D)  A state that can't be determined

Question 13

When loss of a substance from the body exceeds gain, the body is said to be in positive balance for that substance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

How is autocrine regulation best described?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chemical regulators are released directly into blood vessels. 
B)  Chemical regulators released by cells affect the functional status of different kinds of cells in the vicinity of the secretory cell. 
C)  Chemical regulators affect the same cells that produce them. 
D)  Chemical regulators reach their site of action through a duct. 
E)  Chemical regulators are continuously released in constant amounts by the cell. 
A)  Chemical regulators are released directly into blood vessels. 
B)  Chemical regulators released by cells affect the functional status of different kinds of cells in the vicinity of the secretory cell. 
C)  Chemical regulators affect the same cells that produce them. 
D)  Chemical regulators reach their site of action through a duct. 
E)  Chemical regulators are continuously released in constant amounts by the cell.

Question 15

The respiratory system is primarily responsible for transporting blood to the body's tissues.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Circadian rhythms are biological rhythms with what main characteristic?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are cyclical, like the 28-day female menstrual cycle. 
B)  They are cyclical, like the rhythmic beating of the heart. 
C)  They are voluntary rhythms, like the time you decide to eat lunch each day. 
D)  They cease to occur when a person is in a dark environment. 
E)  They repeat approximately every 24 hours, like daily spikes in hormone secretion. 
A)  They are cyclical, like the 28-day female menstrual cycle. 
B)  They are cyclical, like the rhythmic beating of the heart. 
C)  They are voluntary rhythms, like the time you decide to eat lunch each day. 
D)  They cease to occur when a person is in a dark environment. 
E)  They repeat approximately every 24 hours, like daily spikes in hormone secretion.

Question 17

Some neurons in the vagus nerve have synaptic connections to sinoatrial (pacemaker) cells in the heart. These neurons secrete acetylcholine, which ultimately results in a decreased heart rate. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  endocrine control 
B)  exocrine control 
C)  hormonal control 
D)  neural control 
E)  paracrine control 
A)  endocrine control 
B)  exocrine control 
C)  hormonal control 
D)  neural control 
E)  paracrine control

Question 18

An experimental subject is isolated in an underground room with no windows, no clocks, and no contact with the outside world. Researchers monitoring his behavior observe that he eats breakfast a little bit later each day. What term best describes the subject's biological activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  circadian rhythm 
B)  free-running rhythm 
C)  jet lag 
D)  phase shift 
E)  entrainment 
A)  circadian rhythm 
B)  free-running rhythm 
C)  jet lag 
D)  phase shift 
E)  entrainment

Question 19

A person who is acclimated to a hot environment will begin to react physiologically to a decreased environmental temperature faster than a person who is not.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which best describes how the total body balance of any chemical substance is determined?

Accepted Answer

A)  the rate the body produces the substance 
B)  the rate the substance is secreted from the body 
C)  the rate the substance is metabolized by the body 
D)  the difference between the amount of substance lost from the body and the amount gained the body 
E)  the amount produced by the body minus the amount metabolized by the body 
A)  the rate the body produces the substance 
B)  the rate the substance is secreted from the body 
C)  the rate the substance is metabolized by the body 
D)  the difference between the amount of substance lost from the body and the amount gained the body 
E)  the amount produced by the body minus the amount metabolized by the body

Homeostasis refers to the relative constancy of the external environment.

Which of these is NOT one of the four general categories of cells that make up the human body?

Which equation is most accurate?

________________ is the general term for a chemical released by axon terminals into a synaptic cleft.

Homeostatic control systems and acclimatization are examples of biological adaptations.

Physiology is the study of

What is the best description of the efferent pathway of a reflex arc?

_______________ regulation describes regulation of cellular activity by messengers from nearby cells.

The hormone insulin enhances the transport of glucose into body cells. Its secretion is controlled by a negative feedback system between the concentration of glucose in the blood and the cells that secrete insulin. Which of the following statements is most likely to be correct?

Feedforward regulatory processes

Differentiation is necessary before a cell can exchange material with its environment.

A burn patient ingests 100 grams of protein per day and loses 110 grams of protein per day due to the injury. What is the overall protein state of the patient?

When loss of a substance from the body exceeds gain, the body is said to be in positive balance for that substance.

How is autocrine regulation best described?

The respiratory system is primarily responsible for transporting blood to the body's tissues.

Circadian rhythms are biological rhythms with what main characteristic?

Some neurons in the vagus nerve have synaptic connections to sinoatrial (pacemaker) cells in the heart. These neurons secrete acetylcholine, which ultimately results in a decreased heart rate. This is an example of

An experimental subject is isolated in an underground room with no windows, no clocks, and no contact with the outside world. Researchers monitoring his behavior observe that he eats breakfast a little bit later each day. What term best describes the subject's biological activity?

A person who is acclimated to a hot environment will begin to react physiologically to a decreased environmental temperature faster than a person who is not.

Which best describes how the total body balance of any chemical substance is determined?

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling in Physiology

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Filters

Exam 1: Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Homeostasis refers to the relative constancy of the external environment.

Which of these is NOT one of the four general categories of cells that make up the human body?

Which equation is most accurate?

________________ is the general term for a chemical released by axon terminals into a synaptic cleft.

Homeostatic control systems and acclimatization are examples of biological adaptations.

Physiology is the study of

What is the best description of the efferent pathway of a reflex arc?

_______________ regulation describes regulation of cellular activity by messengers from nearby cells.

The hormone insulin enhances the transport of glucose into body cells. Its secretion is controlled by a negative feedback system between the concentration of glucose in the blood and the cells that secrete insulin. Which of the following statements is most likely to be correct?

Feedforward regulatory processes

Differentiation is necessary before a cell can exchange material with its environment.

A burn patient ingests 100 grams of protein per day and loses 110 grams of protein per day due to the injury. What is the overall protein state of the patient?

When loss of a substance from the body exceeds gain, the body is said to be in positive balance for that substance.

How is autocrine regulation best described?

The respiratory system is primarily responsible for transporting blood to the body's tissues.

Circadian rhythms are biological rhythms with what main characteristic?

Some neurons in the vagus nerve have synaptic connections to sinoatrial (pacemaker) cells in the heart. These neurons secrete acetylcholine, which ultimately results in a decreased heart rate. This is an example of

An experimental subject is isolated in an underground room with no windows, no clocks, and no contact with the outside world. Researchers monitoring his behavior observe that he eats breakfast a little bit later each day. What term best describes the subject's biological activity?

A person who is acclimated to a hot environment will begin to react physiologically to a decreased environmental temperature faster than a person who is not.

Which best describes how the total body balance of any chemical substance is determined?

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling in Physiology

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Filters