Question 1

A presynaptic synapse:

Accepted Answer

A)  is a synapse between an axon terminal and a dendrite that can be either excitatory or inhibitory. 
B)  is a synapse between an axon terminal and another axon's terminal that can be either excitatory or inhibitory. 
C)  is any synapse onto a cell body, and they can be either stimulatory or inhibitory. 
D)  is a synapse between an axon terminal and a dendrite of the same cell, which is always inhibitory. 
E)  is a synapse between an axon terminal and another axon's terminal that is always inhibitory. 
A)  is a synapse between an axon terminal and a dendrite that can be either excitatory or inhibitory. 
B)  is a synapse between an axon terminal and another axon's terminal that can be either excitatory or inhibitory. 
C)  is any synapse onto a cell body, and they can be either stimulatory or inhibitory. 
D)  is a synapse between an axon terminal and a dendrite of the same cell, which is always inhibitory. 
E)  is a synapse between an axon terminal and another axon's terminal that is always inhibitory. B

Question 2

An EPSP:

Accepted Answer

A)  is a direct result of the opening of ligand-gated channels permeable to both Na+ and K+ ions. 
B)  is a direct result of the opening of voltage-gated channels permeable to both Na+ and K+ ions. 
C)  stabilizes the membrane to remain at its resting potential. 
D)  opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in the presynaptic membrane. 
E)  occurs when voltage-gated Cl- channels open in a postsynaptic cell membrane. 
A)  is a direct result of the opening of ligand-gated channels permeable to both Na+ and K+ ions. 
B)  is a direct result of the opening of voltage-gated channels permeable to both Na+ and K+ ions. 
C)  stabilizes the membrane to remain at its resting potential. 
D)  opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in the presynaptic membrane. 
E)  occurs when voltage-gated Cl- channels open in a postsynaptic cell membrane. A

Question 3

According to the equation expressed as Ohm's law, which of these would cause the greatest increase in current?

Accepted Answer

A)  doubling both voltage and resistance 
B)  reducing both voltage and resistance by half 
C)  doubling voltage and reducing resistance by half 
D)  reducing voltage by half and doubling resistance 
E)  quadrupling both voltage and resistance 
A)  doubling both voltage and resistance 
B)  reducing both voltage and resistance by half 
C)  doubling voltage and reducing resistance by half 
D)  reducing voltage by half and doubling resistance 
E)  quadrupling both voltage and resistance C

Question 4

Responses made possible by motor signals transmitted by the parasympathetic nervous system tend to be displayed throughout the body simultaneously because there is much divergence of nerve pathways and close anatomical association between presynaptic neurons and their ganglia as well as accessory activity with the adrenal glands.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which is TRUE about the Na+, K+ ATPase pump in neurons?

Accepted Answer

A)  It generates a small electrical potential such that the inside is made negative with respect to the outside. 
B)  It maintains a concentration gradient for K+ such that diffusion forces favor movement of K+ into the cell. 
C)  It maintains an electrical gradient at the equilibrium potential of K+. 
D)  It transports equal numbers of sodium and potassium ions with each pump cycle. 
E)  It pumps 3 Na+ ions into the cell for every 2 K+ ions it pumps out. 
A)  It generates a small electrical potential such that the inside is made negative with respect to the outside. 
B)  It maintains a concentration gradient for K+ such that diffusion forces favor movement of K+ into the cell. 
C)  It maintains an electrical gradient at the equilibrium potential of K+. 
D)  It transports equal numbers of sodium and potassium ions with each pump cycle. 
E)  It pumps 3 Na+ ions into the cell for every 2 K+ ions it pumps out.

Question 6

Which is FALSE about interneurons?

Accepted Answer

A)  They receive synaptic input from other neurons in the CNS. 
B)  They sum excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. 
C)  They deliver synaptic input on other neurons. 
D)  They make synapses on effector organs in the PNS. 
E)  They can transmit information between afferent neurons and efferent neurons. 
A)  They receive synaptic input from other neurons in the CNS. 
B)  They sum excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. 
C)  They deliver synaptic input on other neurons. 
D)  They make synapses on effector organs in the PNS. 
E)  They can transmit information between afferent neurons and efferent neurons.

Question 7

Ions other than K+ play no role in generating the resting membrane potential of a cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following does NOT result from the binding of nicotine with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  a mild form of skeletal muscle paralysis that creates a more relaxed state 
B)  signal transmission at neuromuscular junctions 
C)  generation of excitatory signals within autonomic ganglia 
D)  the release of norepinephrine, dopamine, and epinephrine 
E)  facilitation of the release of multiple neurotransmitters within the brain, including the "reward pathway" involving dopamine 
A)  a mild form of skeletal muscle paralysis that creates a more relaxed state 
B)  signal transmission at neuromuscular junctions 
C)  generation of excitatory signals within autonomic ganglia 
D)  the release of norepinephrine, dopamine, and epinephrine 
E)  facilitation of the release of multiple neurotransmitters within the brain, including the "reward pathway" involving dopamine

Question 9

The main role of calcium ions at chemical synapses is to

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarize the axon terminal of the presynaptic cell. 
B)  bind to neurotransmitter receptors on the postsynaptic cell. 
C)  cause fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane of the axon terminal. 
D)  interfere with IPSPs in the postsynaptic cell. 
E)  diffuse across the synaptic space and enter the postsynaptic cell. 
A)  depolarize the axon terminal of the presynaptic cell. 
B)  bind to neurotransmitter receptors on the postsynaptic cell. 
C)  cause fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane of the axon terminal. 
D)  interfere with IPSPs in the postsynaptic cell. 
E)  diffuse across the synaptic space and enter the postsynaptic cell.

Question 10

Which of the following kinds of neurons is NOT generally cholinergic?

Accepted Answer

A)  somatic motor neurons 
B)  postganglionic sympathetic neurons 
C)  postganglionic parasympathetic neurons 
D)  preganglionic sympathetic neurons 
E)  preganglionic parasympathetic neurons 
A)  somatic motor neurons 
B)  postganglionic sympathetic neurons 
C)  postganglionic parasympathetic neurons 
D)  preganglionic sympathetic neurons 
E)  preganglionic parasympathetic neurons

Question 11

Which of the following statements about EPSPs is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are produced by the opening of ligand-gated sodium channels. 
B)  They transmit signals over relatively short distances. 
C)  They depolarize postsynaptic cell membranes. 
D)  They are able to summate. 
E)  They are always the same amplitude. 
A)  They are produced by the opening of ligand-gated sodium channels. 
B)  They transmit signals over relatively short distances. 
C)  They depolarize postsynaptic cell membranes. 
D)  They are able to summate. 
E)  They are always the same amplitude.

Question 12

A threshold stimulus applied to an excitable membrane is one that is just sufficient to:

Accepted Answer

A)  trigger an excitatory postsynaptic potential. 
B)  cause a change in membrane potential. 
C)  trigger an action potential. 
D)  be conducted to the axon hillock. 
E)  depolarize a dendrite. 
A)  trigger an excitatory postsynaptic potential. 
B)  cause a change in membrane potential. 
C)  trigger an action potential. 
D)  be conducted to the axon hillock. 
E)  depolarize a dendrite.

Question 13

The thalamus is the single most important control area for regulating the homeostasis of the internal environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The frequency of action potentials in a postsynaptic cell is directly related to the degree of depolarization of the postsynaptic cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Spinal nerves are composed of the axons of both afferent and efferent neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Neuronal axons typically have abundant

Accepted Answer

A)  voltage-gated channels for Na+ that open in response to depolarization. 
B)  voltage-gated channels for K+ that open in response to hyperpolarization. 
C)  ligand-gated channels for Na+. 
D)  ligand-gated channels for K+. 
E)  voltage-gated channels for Ca2+. 
A)  voltage-gated channels for Na+ that open in response to depolarization. 
B)  voltage-gated channels for K+ that open in response to hyperpolarization. 
C)  ligand-gated channels for Na+. 
D)  ligand-gated channels for K+. 
E)  voltage-gated channels for Ca2+.

Question 17

Nicotine is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a cholinergic antagonist. 
B)  a beta-adrenergic agonist. 
C)  a cholinergic agonist. 
D)  an alpha-adrenergic antagonist. 
E)  a neurotransmitter. 
A)  a cholinergic antagonist. 
B)  a beta-adrenergic agonist. 
C)  a cholinergic agonist. 
D)  an alpha-adrenergic antagonist. 
E)  a neurotransmitter.

Question 18

During the rising (depolarizing) phase of a neuronal action potential,

Accepted Answer

A)  PK+ becomes much greater than PNa+. 
B)  PNa+ becomes much greater than PK+. 
C)  PK+ is the same as PNa+. 
D)  Na+ efflux (flow out of the cell) occurs. 
E)  K+ flows rapidly into the cell. 
A)  PK+ becomes much greater than PNa+. 
B)  PNa+ becomes much greater than PK+. 
C)  PK+ is the same as PNa+. 
D)  Na+ efflux (flow out of the cell) occurs. 
E)  K+ flows rapidly into the cell.

Question 19

Which is one of the major inhibitory neurotransmittors in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glutamate 
B)  Dopamine 
C)  Norepinephrine 
D)  Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GAB
A)  
E)  Beta-endorphin 
A)  Glutamate 
B)  Dopamine 
C)  Norepinephrine 
D)  Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GAB
A)  
E)  Beta-endorphin

Question 20

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is arranged so that it acts largely as a unit, whereas the components of the parasympathetic division generally act as discreet, independent components.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

A presynaptic synapse:

An EPSP:

According to the equation expressed as Ohm's law, which of these would cause the greatest increase in current?

Which is TRUE about the Na⁺, K⁺ ATPase pump in neurons?

Which is FALSE about interneurons?

Ions other than K⁺ play no role in generating the resting membrane potential of a cell.

Which of the following does NOT result from the binding of nicotine with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors?

The main role of calcium ions at chemical synapses is to

Which of the following kinds of neurons is NOT generally cholinergic?

Which of the following statements about EPSPs is FALSE?

A threshold stimulus applied to an excitable membrane is one that is just sufficient to:

The thalamus is the single most important control area for regulating the homeostasis of the internal environment.

The frequency of action potentials in a postsynaptic cell is directly related to the degree of depolarization of the postsynaptic cell.

Spinal nerves are composed of the axons of both afferent and efferent neurons.

Neuronal axons typically have abundant

Nicotine is:

During the rising (depolarizing) phase of a neuronal action potential,

Which is one of the major inhibitory neurotransmittors in the CNS?

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is arranged so that it acts largely as a unit, whereas the components of the parasympathetic division generally act as discreet, independent components.

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling in Physiology

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Filters

Exam 6: Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

A presynaptic synapse:

An EPSP:

According to the equation expressed as Ohm's law, which of these would cause the greatest increase in current?

Which is TRUE about the Na+, K+ ATPase pump in neurons?

Which is FALSE about interneurons?

Ions other than K+ play no role in generating the resting membrane potential of a cell.

Which of the following does NOT result from the binding of nicotine with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors?

The main role of calcium ions at chemical synapses is to

Which of the following kinds of neurons is NOT generally cholinergic?

Which of the following statements about EPSPs is FALSE?

A threshold stimulus applied to an excitable membrane is one that is just sufficient to:

The thalamus is the single most important control area for regulating the homeostasis of the internal environment.

The frequency of action potentials in a postsynaptic cell is directly related to the degree of depolarization of the postsynaptic cell.

Spinal nerves are composed of the axons of both afferent and efferent neurons.

Neuronal axons typically have abundant

Nicotine is:

During the rising (depolarizing) phase of a neuronal action potential,

Which is one of the major inhibitory neurotransmittors in the CNS?

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is arranged so that it acts largely as a unit, whereas the components of the parasympathetic division generally act as discreet, independent components.

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling in Physiology

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Filters

Which is TRUE about the Na⁺, K⁺ ATPase pump in neurons?

Ions other than K⁺ play no role in generating the resting membrane potential of a cell.