Question 1

Which of the following statements about hormone synthesis is NOT correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Progesterone can be a precursor of cortisol. 
B)  Progesterone is a precursor of mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid hormones. 
C)  Pregnenolone is a precursor for all steroid hormones. 
D)  Tryptophan is a precursor for thyroid hormones. 
E)  Peptide hormones are polymers of amino acids. 
A)  Progesterone can be a precursor of cortisol. 
B)  Progesterone is a precursor of mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid hormones. 
C)  Pregnenolone is a precursor for all steroid hormones. 
D)  Tryptophan is a precursor for thyroid hormones. 
E)  Peptide hormones are polymers of amino acids. D

Question 2

Thyroid hormones exert a permissive effect on the actions of epinephrine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Which of the following is an action of the sympathetic nervous system during stress?

Accepted Answer

A)  It increases the ability to respond to situations where physical activity is required. 
B)  It increases blood flow to the skeletal muscles and viscera. 
C)  It inhibits blood clotting. 
D)  It decreases ventilation of the lungs to save oxygen. 
E)  It increases glycogen synthesis in the liver. 
A)  It increases the ability to respond to situations where physical activity is required. 
B)  It increases blood flow to the skeletal muscles and viscera. 
C)  It inhibits blood clotting. 
D)  It decreases ventilation of the lungs to save oxygen. 
E)  It increases glycogen synthesis in the liver. A

Question 4

Elevated plasma cortisol concentration is permissive for the growth-promoting actions of growth hormone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A hypothalamic tumor that secretes large amounts of somatostatin may cause dwarfism in a young child.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What term describes hormones that influence the secretion of other hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  mineralocorticoids 
B)  trophic 
C)  tropic 
D)  allosteric 
E)  teratogen 
A)  mineralocorticoids 
B)  trophic 
C)  tropic 
D)  allosteric 
E)  teratogen

Question 7

The amount of Ca2+ within the extracellular fluid is greater than that in the bones at any given time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

A precursor of cortisol is cholesterol.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which is a function of the gonadotropic hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulating the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) 
B)  inhibiting the release of growth hormone 
C)  inhibiting the release of prolactin 
D)  inducing the secretion of steroid hormones by the gonads in both males and females 
E)  stimulating the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) 
A)  stimulating the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) 
B)  inhibiting the release of growth hormone 
C)  inhibiting the release of prolactin 
D)  inducing the secretion of steroid hormones by the gonads in both males and females 
E)  stimulating the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 10

In what form is the body's largest pool of calcium?

Accepted Answer

A)  embedded in collagen in many types of connective tissue 
B)  blood, dissolved within the plasma 
C)  skeletal muscle, stored in terminal cisternae 
D)  bones, in the form of hydroxyapatites 
E)  liver, inside the endoplasmic reticulum 
A)  embedded in collagen in many types of connective tissue 
B)  blood, dissolved within the plasma 
C)  skeletal muscle, stored in terminal cisternae 
D)  bones, in the form of hydroxyapatites 
E)  liver, inside the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

What is the major hormone responsible for mediating the body's general response to stress?

Accepted Answer

A)  thyroid hormone 
B)  growth hormone 
C)  testosterone 
D)  aldosterone 
E)  cortisol 
A)  thyroid hormone 
B)  growth hormone 
C)  testosterone 
D)  aldosterone 
E)  cortisol

Question 12

What is a main difference between the modes of action of peptide hormones and steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  Peptide hormones bind to intracellular receptors, whereas steroid hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface. 
B)  Peptide hormones act as second messengers, whereas steroid hormones bind to receptors in the cytosol. 
C)  Peptide hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface, whereas steroid hormones act as second messengers. 
D)  Peptide hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface, whereas steroid hormones bind to intracellular receptors. 
E)  There are no differences; both act by binding to intracellular receptors. 
A)  Peptide hormones bind to intracellular receptors, whereas steroid hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface. 
B)  Peptide hormones act as second messengers, whereas steroid hormones bind to receptors in the cytosol. 
C)  Peptide hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface, whereas steroid hormones act as second messengers. 
D)  Peptide hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface, whereas steroid hormones bind to intracellular receptors. 
E)  There are no differences; both act by binding to intracellular receptors.

Question 13

Deficiency of iodine in the diet results in _____________ caused by ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a goiter; increased production of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and increased thyroid hormone levels 
B)  atrophy of the thyroid gland; loss of negative feedback by thyroid hormones and increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels 
C)  a goiter; loss of negative feedback by thyroid hormones and increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels 
D)  atrophy of the thyroid gland; decreased sensitivity of receptors for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 
E)  atrophy of the anterior pituitary gland; loss of negative feedback by thyroid hormones 
A)  a goiter; increased production of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and increased thyroid hormone levels 
B)  atrophy of the thyroid gland; loss of negative feedback by thyroid hormones and increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels 
C)  a goiter; loss of negative feedback by thyroid hormones and increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels 
D)  atrophy of the thyroid gland; decreased sensitivity of receptors for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 
E)  atrophy of the anterior pituitary gland; loss of negative feedback by thyroid hormones

Question 14

Which would most directly decrease the production of aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

A)  going on a low-salt diet 
B)  ingesting extra dietary vitamin D 
C)  reducing dietary tyrosine 
D)  increasing dietary cholesterol 
E)  injecting a drug that blocks the production of angiotensin II 
A)  going on a low-salt diet 
B)  ingesting extra dietary vitamin D 
C)  reducing dietary tyrosine 
D)  increasing dietary cholesterol 
E)  injecting a drug that blocks the production of angiotensin II

Question 15

A hormone may be

Accepted Answer

A)  inactivated by its target cell. 
B)  activated by its target cell. 
C)  inactivated by nontarget cells. 
D)  excreted before it has a chance to act on a target cell. 
E)  All of the choices could be correct. 
A)  inactivated by its target cell. 
B)  activated by its target cell. 
C)  inactivated by nontarget cells. 
D)  excreted before it has a chance to act on a target cell. 
E)  All of the choices could be correct.

Question 16

Which accurately describes the median eminence of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the site of synthesis of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). 
B)  It is a site where neurohormones are release into blood vessels. 
C)  It is the site where vasopressin is released into blood vessels. 
D)  It is the stalk connecting the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary. 
E)  It is the main site where thyroid-stimulating hormone first enters the bloodstream. 
A)  It is the site of synthesis of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). 
B)  It is a site where neurohormones are release into blood vessels. 
C)  It is the site where vasopressin is released into blood vessels. 
D)  It is the stalk connecting the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary. 
E)  It is the main site where thyroid-stimulating hormone first enters the bloodstream.

Question 17

Which of these could be a cause of hypertrophy of the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

A)  autoimmune destruction of receptors for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
B)  autoimmune destruction of hypothalamic cells that secrete corticotropin-releasing hormone 
C)  injection of an excess of cortisol 
D)  destruction of the anterior pituitary by a stroke 
E)  excessively rapid clearance of cortisol from the circulation 
A)  autoimmune destruction of receptors for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
B)  autoimmune destruction of hypothalamic cells that secrete corticotropin-releasing hormone 
C)  injection of an excess of cortisol 
D)  destruction of the anterior pituitary by a stroke 
E)  excessively rapid clearance of cortisol from the circulation

Question 18

The net intake and output of calcium for the entire body is regulated most directly by the activities of the kidneys and the gastrointestinal tract.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

If the adrenal glands were removed from a patient, his plasma cortisol levels would ________, secretion of CRH by the __________________ would __________________, and secretion of ACTH by the ______________ would _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase; hypothalamus; decrease; anterior pituitary gland; decrease 
B)  decrease; hypothalamus; increase; adenohypophysis; increase 
C)  decrease; anterior pituitary gland; increase; hypothalamus; increase 
D)  increase; hypothalamus; increase; adenohypophysis; increase 
E)  decrease; adenohypophysis; increase; anterior pituitary gland; increase 
A)  increase; hypothalamus; decrease; anterior pituitary gland; decrease 
B)  decrease; hypothalamus; increase; adenohypophysis; increase 
C)  decrease; anterior pituitary gland; increase; hypothalamus; increase 
D)  increase; hypothalamus; increase; adenohypophysis; increase 
E)  decrease; adenohypophysis; increase; anterior pituitary gland; increase

Question 20

The effect of some tropic hormones is to stimulate release of other tropic hormones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Which of the following statements about hormone synthesis is NOT correct?

Thyroid hormones exert a permissive effect on the actions of epinephrine.

Which of the following is an action of the sympathetic nervous system during stress?

Elevated plasma cortisol concentration is permissive for the growth-promoting actions of growth hormone.

A hypothalamic tumor that secretes large amounts of somatostatin may cause dwarfism in a young child.

What term describes hormones that influence the secretion of other hormones?

The amount of Ca²⁺ within the extracellular fluid is greater than that in the bones at any given time.

A precursor of cortisol is cholesterol.

Which is a function of the gonadotropic hormones?

In what form is the body's largest pool of calcium?

What is the major hormone responsible for mediating the body's general response to stress?

What is a main difference between the modes of action of peptide hormones and steroid hormones?

Deficiency of iodine in the diet results in _ caused by ____.

Which would most directly decrease the production of aldosterone?

A hormone may be

Which accurately describes the median eminence of the hypothalamus?

Which of these could be a cause of hypertrophy of the adrenal cortex?

The net intake and output of calcium for the entire body is regulated most directly by the activities of the kidneys and the gastrointestinal tract.

If the adrenal glands were removed from a patient, his plasma cortisol levels would , secretion of CRH by the would , and secretion of ACTH by the would _______.

The effect of some tropic hormones is to stimulate release of other tropic hormones.

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling in Physiology

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Filters

Exam 11: The Endocrine System

Which of the following statements about hormone synthesis is NOT correct?

Thyroid hormones exert a permissive effect on the actions of epinephrine.

Which of the following is an action of the sympathetic nervous system during stress?

Elevated plasma cortisol concentration is permissive for the growth-promoting actions of growth hormone.

A hypothalamic tumor that secretes large amounts of somatostatin may cause dwarfism in a young child.

What term describes hormones that influence the secretion of other hormones?

The amount of Ca2+ within the extracellular fluid is greater than that in the bones at any given time.

A precursor of cortisol is cholesterol.

Which is a function of the gonadotropic hormones?

In what form is the body's largest pool of calcium?

What is the major hormone responsible for mediating the body's general response to stress?

What is a main difference between the modes of action of peptide hormones and steroid hormones?

Deficiency of iodine in the diet results in _____________ caused by ________________.

Which would most directly decrease the production of aldosterone?

A hormone may be

Which accurately describes the median eminence of the hypothalamus?

Which of these could be a cause of hypertrophy of the adrenal cortex?

The net intake and output of calcium for the entire body is regulated most directly by the activities of the kidneys and the gastrointestinal tract.

If the adrenal glands were removed from a patient, his plasma cortisol levels would ________, secretion of CRH by the __________________ would __________________, and secretion of ACTH by the ______________ would _____________.

The effect of some tropic hormones is to stimulate release of other tropic hormones.

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling in Physiology

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Filters

The amount of Ca²⁺ within the extracellular fluid is greater than that in the bones at any given time.

Deficiency of iodine in the diet results in _ caused by ____.

If the adrenal glands were removed from a patient, his plasma cortisol levels would , secretion of CRH by the would , and secretion of ACTH by the would _______.