Question 1

The amount of nutrients and waste products moved across the capillary wall by bulk flow is greater than the amount that diffuses across under normal conditions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Which of the following occurs first in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  activation of the fibrinolytic system 
B)  platelet aggregation 
C)  a clotting cascade that leads to the conversion of fibrinogen to stable fibrin 
D)  conversion of prothrombin to thrombin 
E)  conversion of plasminogen to plasmin 
A)  activation of the fibrinolytic system 
B)  platelet aggregation 
C)  a clotting cascade that leads to the conversion of fibrinogen to stable fibrin 
D)  conversion of prothrombin to thrombin 
E)  conversion of plasminogen to plasmin B

Question 3

Which best defines the cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

A)  the end-diastolic volume minus the end-systolic volume 
B)  the output of the aortic arch baroreceptors 
C)  the volume of blood in the arterial tree at any moment in time 
D)  the stroke volume divided by the heart rate 
E)  the product of the heart rate and the volume ejected from the ventricle during a cardiac cycle 
A)  the end-diastolic volume minus the end-systolic volume 
B)  the output of the aortic arch baroreceptors 
C)  the volume of blood in the arterial tree at any moment in time 
D)  the stroke volume divided by the heart rate 
E)  the product of the heart rate and the volume ejected from the ventricle during a cardiac cycle E

Question 4

Long-term studies show that the risk for heart attack and stroke doubles for every 20 mm increase in diastolic pressure and 10 mm Hg in systolic pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

An athlete who is nearing the end of a 2-kilometer run would be expected to have both an increased mean arterial blood pressure and an increased total peripheral resistance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What is hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  the maintenance of relatively stable conditions in the internal environment 
B)  the prevention or stoppage of blood loss 
C)  a disease in which blood clot formation is impaired 
D)  a protein inside red blood cells that binds oxygen with high affinity 
E)  the set point for normal arterial blood pressure 
A)  the maintenance of relatively stable conditions in the internal environment 
B)  the prevention or stoppage of blood loss 
C)  a disease in which blood clot formation is impaired 
D)  a protein inside red blood cells that binds oxygen with high affinity 
E)  the set point for normal arterial blood pressure

Question 7

Ventricular contractility is the strength of ventricular contraction at any given end-diastolic volume.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which is TRUE regarding the regulation of heart rate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stimulation of parasympathetic nerves to the heart causes a slowing of heart rate. 
B)  Stimulation of sympathetic nerves to the heart causes an increase in heart rate. 
C)  A person whose heart lacks autonomic innervation has a faster heart rate at rest than a person with a normally innervated heart. 
D)  The slope of diastolic depolarization in SA node cell action potentials determines the heart rate. 
E)  All of the choices are true. 
A)  Stimulation of parasympathetic nerves to the heart causes a slowing of heart rate. 
B)  Stimulation of sympathetic nerves to the heart causes an increase in heart rate. 
C)  A person whose heart lacks autonomic innervation has a faster heart rate at rest than a person with a normally innervated heart. 
D)  The slope of diastolic depolarization in SA node cell action potentials determines the heart rate. 
E)  All of the choices are true.

Question 9

An ectopic pacemaker is an area of the myocardial conducting system, other than the atrioventricular node, that initiates cardiac depolarization.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

An electrocardiogram would be definitive for diagnosing diseases involving the valves of the heart.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Hemostatic mechanisms can generally stop blood loss from a small vein that is cut.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A male patient complains of physical weakness and fatigue. A blood test shows his hematocrit to be 30%. Which of the following diagnoses is the least likely to explain his symptoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  internal bleeding 
B)  dietary iron deficiency 
C)  dietary vitamin B12 deficiency 
D)  lung disease 
E)  kidney disease 
A)  internal bleeding 
B)  dietary iron deficiency 
C)  dietary vitamin B12 deficiency 
D)  lung disease 
E)  kidney disease

Question 13

Sympathetic stimulation of cardiac muscle cells produces stronger and faster contractions because proteins that pump Ca2+ out of the cell are inhibited, which reduces Ca2+ concentration in the sarcoplasm.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the cardiac cycle is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The duration of systole is greater than that of diastole in a subject at rest. 
B)  During isovolumetric ventricular relaxation, blood flows from the atria into the ventricles. 
C)  Closure of the atrioventricular valves occurs at the onset of ventricular systole. 
D)  The QRS complex occurs at approximately the same time as the closure of the semilunar valves. 
E)  The first valves to go from closed to open after the atrial kick are the atrioventricular valves. 
A)  The duration of systole is greater than that of diastole in a subject at rest. 
B)  During isovolumetric ventricular relaxation, blood flows from the atria into the ventricles. 
C)  Closure of the atrioventricular valves occurs at the onset of ventricular systole. 
D)  The QRS complex occurs at approximately the same time as the closure of the semilunar valves. 
E)  The first valves to go from closed to open after the atrial kick are the atrioventricular valves.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about membrane potentials in different types of cardiac cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Myocardial cells have a resting membrane potential of about -90 mV; pacemaker cells do not have a true resting membrane potential. 
B)  Once threshold depolarization is reached in both myocardial and pacemaker cells, the rapid upswing of the action potential is caused by the opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels 
C)  Voltage-gated transient (T-type) Ca2+ channels are present in all of the different types of cells of the heart. 
D)  There are no L-type Ca2+ channels in cardiac muscle cells. 
E)  The upstroke of the action potential is steeper in SA node cells than it is in Purkinje cells. 
A)  Myocardial cells have a resting membrane potential of about -90 mV; pacemaker cells do not have a true resting membrane potential. 
B)  Once threshold depolarization is reached in both myocardial and pacemaker cells, the rapid upswing of the action potential is caused by the opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels 
C)  Voltage-gated transient (T-type) Ca2+ channels are present in all of the different types of cells of the heart. 
D)  There are no L-type Ca2+ channels in cardiac muscle cells. 
E)  The upstroke of the action potential is steeper in SA node cells than it is in Purkinje cells.

Question 16

Which is a typical response of the body to hemorrhage?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing the heart rate below normal 
B)  decreasing total peripheral resistance to below normal levels 
C)  raising mean arterial pressure to above normal 
D)  increasing cardiac output to above normal levels 
E)  increasing bulk-flow reabsorption of fluid into capillaries 
A)  decreasing the heart rate below normal 
B)  decreasing total peripheral resistance to below normal levels 
C)  raising mean arterial pressure to above normal 
D)  increasing cardiac output to above normal levels 
E)  increasing bulk-flow reabsorption of fluid into capillaries

Question 17

Jane donates a pint of blood to a blood bank. A few minutes later, which of the following would be increased compared to pre-donation values?

Accepted Answer

A)  her stroke volume and total peripheral resistance 
B)  her heart rate and total peripheral resistance 
C)  her heart rate and mean arterial pressure 
D)  the percentage of her cardiac output flowing to her kidneys 
E)  the blood flow to her brain 
A)  her stroke volume and total peripheral resistance 
B)  her heart rate and total peripheral resistance 
C)  her heart rate and mean arterial pressure 
D)  the percentage of her cardiac output flowing to her kidneys 
E)  the blood flow to her brain

Question 18

Which is the most likely effect of physical endurance training on a person's cardiac performance?

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in cardiac output 
B)  an increase in maximal stroke volume 
C)  an increase in maximal heart rate 
D)  an increase in resting heart rate 
E)  an increase in cardiac output when the person is at rest 
A)  a decrease in cardiac output 
B)  an increase in maximal stroke volume 
C)  an increase in maximal heart rate 
D)  an increase in resting heart rate 
E)  an increase in cardiac output when the person is at rest

Question 19

Arterial systolic pressure occurs ____________________ while arterial diastolic pressure occurs_____________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  at the same time as closure of the semilunar valves; at the same time as closure of the atrioventricular valves 
B)  during the isovolumetric contraction phase of the cardiac cycle; during the isovolumetric relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle 
C)  at the same time as the P-wave of the electrocardiogram; at the same time as the T-wave of the electrocardiogram 
D)  when the the ventricle reaches end-systolic volume; when the ventricle reaches end-diastolic volume 
E)  during the middle of the phase of ventricular ejection; just before the semilunar valve opens 
A)  at the same time as closure of the semilunar valves; at the same time as closure of the atrioventricular valves 
B)  during the isovolumetric contraction phase of the cardiac cycle; during the isovolumetric relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle 
C)  at the same time as the P-wave of the electrocardiogram; at the same time as the T-wave of the electrocardiogram 
D)  when the the ventricle reaches end-systolic volume; when the ventricle reaches end-diastolic volume 
E)  during the middle of the phase of ventricular ejection; just before the semilunar valve opens

Question 20

In a failing heart, stroke volume does not increase as steeply when end-diastolic volume increases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

The amount of nutrients and waste products moved across the capillary wall by bulk flow is greater than the amount that diffuses across under normal conditions.

Which of the following occurs first in hemostasis?

Which best defines the cardiac output?

Long-term studies show that the risk for heart attack and stroke doubles for every 20 mm increase in diastolic pressure and 10 mm Hg in systolic pressure.

An athlete who is nearing the end of a 2-kilometer run would be expected to have both an increased mean arterial blood pressure and an increased total peripheral resistance.

What is hemostasis?

Ventricular contractility is the strength of ventricular contraction at any given end-diastolic volume.

Which is TRUE regarding the regulation of heart rate?

An ectopic pacemaker is an area of the myocardial conducting system, other than the atrioventricular node, that initiates cardiac depolarization.

An electrocardiogram would be definitive for diagnosing diseases involving the valves of the heart.

Hemostatic mechanisms can generally stop blood loss from a small vein that is cut.

A male patient complains of physical weakness and fatigue. A blood test shows his hematocrit to be 30%. Which of the following diagnoses is the least likely to explain his symptoms?

Sympathetic stimulation of cardiac muscle cells produces stronger and faster contractions because proteins that pump Ca²⁺ out of the cell are inhibited, which reduces Ca²⁺ concentration in the sarcoplasm.

Which of the following statements about the cardiac cycle is TRUE?

Which of the following statements about membrane potentials in different types of cardiac cells is TRUE?

Which is a typical response of the body to hemorrhage?

Jane donates a pint of blood to a blood bank. A few minutes later, which of the following would be increased compared to pre-donation values?

Which is the most likely effect of physical endurance training on a person's cardiac performance?

Arterial systolic pressure occurs while arterial diastolic pressure occurs_.

In a failing heart, stroke volume does not increase as steeply when end-diastolic volume increases.

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling in Physiology

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Filters

Exam 12: Cardiovascular Physiology

The amount of nutrients and waste products moved across the capillary wall by bulk flow is greater than the amount that diffuses across under normal conditions.

Which of the following occurs first in hemostasis?

Which best defines the cardiac output?

Long-term studies show that the risk for heart attack and stroke doubles for every 20 mm increase in diastolic pressure and 10 mm Hg in systolic pressure.

An athlete who is nearing the end of a 2-kilometer run would be expected to have both an increased mean arterial blood pressure and an increased total peripheral resistance.

What is hemostasis?

Ventricular contractility is the strength of ventricular contraction at any given end-diastolic volume.

Which is TRUE regarding the regulation of heart rate?

An ectopic pacemaker is an area of the myocardial conducting system, other than the atrioventricular node, that initiates cardiac depolarization.

An electrocardiogram would be definitive for diagnosing diseases involving the valves of the heart.

Hemostatic mechanisms can generally stop blood loss from a small vein that is cut.

A male patient complains of physical weakness and fatigue. A blood test shows his hematocrit to be 30%. Which of the following diagnoses is the least likely to explain his symptoms?

Sympathetic stimulation of cardiac muscle cells produces stronger and faster contractions because proteins that pump Ca2+ out of the cell are inhibited, which reduces Ca2+ concentration in the sarcoplasm.

Which of the following statements about the cardiac cycle is TRUE?

Which of the following statements about membrane potentials in different types of cardiac cells is TRUE?

Which is a typical response of the body to hemorrhage?

Jane donates a pint of blood to a blood bank. A few minutes later, which of the following would be increased compared to pre-donation values?

Which is the most likely effect of physical endurance training on a person's cardiac performance?

Arterial systolic pressure occurs ____________________ while arterial diastolic pressure occurs_____________________.

In a failing heart, stroke volume does not increase as steeply when end-diastolic volume increases.

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling in Physiology

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Filters

Sympathetic stimulation of cardiac muscle cells produces stronger and faster contractions because proteins that pump Ca²⁺ out of the cell are inhibited, which reduces Ca²⁺ concentration in the sarcoplasm.

Arterial systolic pressure occurs while arterial diastolic pressure occurs_.