Question 1

Iron is stored in the body mainly as a protein-iron storage complex called:

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogen. 
B)  hemochromatosis. 
C)  myoglobin. 
D)  transferrin. 
E)  ferritin. 
A)  glycogen. 
B)  hemochromatosis. 
C)  myoglobin. 
D)  transferrin. 
E)  ferritin. E

Question 2

What structure secretes the enzyme that breaks down starch to smaller carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  the esophagus 
B)  pancreatic exocrine cells 
C)  pancreatic duct cells 
D)  the liver 
E)  the large intestine 
A)  the esophagus 
B)  pancreatic exocrine cells 
C)  pancreatic duct cells 
D)  the liver 
E)  the large intestine B

Question 3

The liver contributes to GI function, although it is not technically part of the gastrointestinal tract.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Which of the following statements about pancreatic enzymes is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trypsinogen is secreted in an inactive form. 
B)  Pancreatic amylase digests carbohydrates. 
C)  Pancreatic lipase digests fats. 
D)  Except for trypsinogen, other proteolytic enzymes are secreted in active form. 
E)  Trypsinogen is activated by enterokinase. 
A)  Trypsinogen is secreted in an inactive form. 
B)  Pancreatic amylase digests carbohydrates. 
C)  Pancreatic lipase digests fats. 
D)  Except for trypsinogen, other proteolytic enzymes are secreted in active form. 
E)  Trypsinogen is activated by enterokinase.

Question 5

In general, sympathetic stimulation increases gastric secretion and motility, while parasympathetic stimulation decreases these two processes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following breakfasts would likely remain in the stomach longest?

Accepted Answer

A)  toast, orange juice, and coffee 
B)  fried eggs, bacon, and hash browns 
C)  a bowl of cereal with skim milk 
D)  a boiled egg, toast, and juice 
E)  The type of meal has no effect on the rate of gastric emptying. 
A)  toast, orange juice, and coffee 
B)  fried eggs, bacon, and hash browns 
C)  a bowl of cereal with skim milk 
D)  a boiled egg, toast, and juice 
E)  The type of meal has no effect on the rate of gastric emptying.

Question 7

Polysaccharides must be broken down to disaccharides in order to be absorbed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The lumen of the gastrointestinal tract is continuous with the external environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which is TRUE regarding the secretion of HCl in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

A)  H+ is actively transported into the gastric lumen by ATPase pumps in the mucosal membrane. 
B)  H+ is actively cotransported into the lumen by secondary active transporters coupled to K+. 
C)  The pH of the blood leaving the area of the parietal cells is lower than the normal ECF value of 7.4. 
D)  H+ diffuses passively from mucosal epithelial cells into the lumen of the stomach, following Cl-. 
E)  Cl- and HCO3- are exchanged across the luminal membrane of epithelial cells via a passive transport protein. 
A)  H+ is actively transported into the gastric lumen by ATPase pumps in the mucosal membrane. 
B)  H+ is actively cotransported into the lumen by secondary active transporters coupled to K+. 
C)  The pH of the blood leaving the area of the parietal cells is lower than the normal ECF value of 7.4. 
D)  H+ diffuses passively from mucosal epithelial cells into the lumen of the stomach, following Cl-. 
E)  Cl- and HCO3- are exchanged across the luminal membrane of epithelial cells via a passive transport protein.

Question 10

Which is NOT true about receptors that mediate digestive reflexes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are located in the gastrointestinal tract wall. 
B)  They include chemoreceptors, osmoreceptors, and mechanoreceptors. 
C)  They may relay information to integrative centers in the CNS or to the enteric plexuses. 
D)  They may be endocrine cells. 
E)  They only activate feedforward pathways. 
A)  They are located in the gastrointestinal tract wall. 
B)  They include chemoreceptors, osmoreceptors, and mechanoreceptors. 
C)  They may relay information to integrative centers in the CNS or to the enteric plexuses. 
D)  They may be endocrine cells. 
E)  They only activate feedforward pathways.

Question 11

Which is TRUE regarding the three phases of the control of HCl secretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  In the intestinal phase, an increase in osmolarity of the contents of the duodenum decreases HCl secretion. 
B)  In the gastric phase, distension of the stomach decreases HCl secretion. 
C)  In the cephalic phase, increased nutrient concentration in the duodenum stimulates HCl secretion. 
D)  In the intestinal phase, increased peptide concentration in the stomach inhibits HCl secretion. 
E)  In the gastric phase, decreased H+ concentration in the stomach inhibits HCl secretion. 
A)  In the intestinal phase, an increase in osmolarity of the contents of the duodenum decreases HCl secretion. 
B)  In the gastric phase, distension of the stomach decreases HCl secretion. 
C)  In the cephalic phase, increased nutrient concentration in the duodenum stimulates HCl secretion. 
D)  In the intestinal phase, increased peptide concentration in the stomach inhibits HCl secretion. 
E)  In the gastric phase, decreased H+ concentration in the stomach inhibits HCl secretion.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a part of the swallowing reflex?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiration is inhibited. 
B)  The glottis closes. 
C)  The upper esophageal sphincter relaxes. 
D)  The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes. 
E)  The pyloric sphincter relaxes. 
A)  Respiration is inhibited. 
B)  The glottis closes. 
C)  The upper esophageal sphincter relaxes. 
D)  The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes. 
E)  The pyloric sphincter relaxes.

Question 13

Which of the following processes is NOT associated with gastrointestinal function?

Accepted Answer

A)  digestion 
B)  filtration 
C)  secretion 
D)  motility 
E)  absorption 
A)  digestion 
B)  filtration 
C)  secretion 
D)  motility 
E)  absorption

Question 14

The main source of enzymes that cleave disaccharides into monosaccharides is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the pancreas. 
B)  the liver. 
C)  gastric secretory cells. 
D)  the luminal membrane of epithelial cells in the small intestine. 
E)  the salivary glands. 
A)  the pancreas. 
B)  the liver. 
C)  gastric secretory cells. 
D)  the luminal membrane of epithelial cells in the small intestine. 
E)  the salivary glands.

Question 15

Bicarbonate is:

Accepted Answer

A)  secreted into the lumen by gastric epithelial cells and into the interstitial fluid by pancreatic duct cells. 
B)  secreted into the lumen by pancreatic acinar (exocrine) cells, and into the interstitium by pancreatic duct cells. 
C)  secreted into the lumen by pancreatic duct cells, and into the interstitium by pancreatic acinar (exocrine) cells. 
D)  secreted into the interstitial fluid by gastric epithelial cells, and into the lumen by pancreatic duct cells. 
E)  secreted into the lumen by both gastric epithelial cells and pancreatic duct cells. 
A)  secreted into the lumen by gastric epithelial cells and into the interstitial fluid by pancreatic duct cells. 
B)  secreted into the lumen by pancreatic acinar (exocrine) cells, and into the interstitium by pancreatic duct cells. 
C)  secreted into the lumen by pancreatic duct cells, and into the interstitium by pancreatic acinar (exocrine) cells. 
D)  secreted into the interstitial fluid by gastric epithelial cells, and into the lumen by pancreatic duct cells. 
E)  secreted into the lumen by both gastric epithelial cells and pancreatic duct cells.

Question 16

The pH of the contents of the stomach lumen is considerably higher than that of interstitial fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following statements regarding protein digestion and absorption is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only the exocrine pancreas produces enzymes that can digest proteins. 
B)  After absorption, the products of protein digestion are carried by blood directly to the liver. 
C)  Pepsin digests protein mainly in the small intestine. 
D)  The enzymes that digest protein are secreted in active form. 
E)  Free amino acids are the only product of protein digestion that can be absorbed from the lumen into intestinal epithelial cells. 
A)  Only the exocrine pancreas produces enzymes that can digest proteins. 
B)  After absorption, the products of protein digestion are carried by blood directly to the liver. 
C)  Pepsin digests protein mainly in the small intestine. 
D)  The enzymes that digest protein are secreted in active form. 
E)  Free amino acids are the only product of protein digestion that can be absorbed from the lumen into intestinal epithelial cells.

Question 18

Which of the following molecules crosses the luminal membrane of intestinal cells by facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  lactose 
C)  fructose 
D)  galactose 
E)  maltose 
A)  glucose 
B)  lactose 
C)  fructose 
D)  galactose 
E)  maltose

Question 19

The volume of fluids secreted by the gastrointestinal tract in a typical day is far greater than the volume of food and drink ingested.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which accurately describes lipase?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is mainly produced in the liver, and secreted into the small intestine. 
B)  It emulsifies lipids. 
C)  It is secreted by the endocrine pancreas. 
D)  It is produced in the exocrine pancreas, and catalyzes the degradation of chylomicrons into proteins and fats. 
E)  It catalyzes the breakdown of triglycerides into monoglycerides and free fatty acids. 
A)  It is mainly produced in the liver, and secreted into the small intestine. 
B)  It emulsifies lipids. 
C)  It is secreted by the endocrine pancreas. 
D)  It is produced in the exocrine pancreas, and catalyzes the degradation of chylomicrons into proteins and fats. 
E)  It catalyzes the breakdown of triglycerides into monoglycerides and free fatty acids.

Iron is stored in the body mainly as a protein-iron storage complex called:

What structure secretes the enzyme that breaks down starch to smaller carbohydrates?

The liver contributes to GI function, although it is not technically part of the gastrointestinal tract.

Which of the following statements about pancreatic enzymes is FALSE?

In general, sympathetic stimulation increases gastric secretion and motility, while parasympathetic stimulation decreases these two processes.

Which of the following breakfasts would likely remain in the stomach longest?

Polysaccharides must be broken down to disaccharides in order to be absorbed.

The lumen of the gastrointestinal tract is continuous with the external environment.

Which is TRUE regarding the secretion of HCl in the stomach?

Which is NOT true about receptors that mediate digestive reflexes?

Which is TRUE regarding the three phases of the control of HCl secretion?

Which of the following is NOT a part of the swallowing reflex?

Which of the following processes is NOT associated with gastrointestinal function?

The main source of enzymes that cleave disaccharides into monosaccharides is:

Bicarbonate is:

The pH of the contents of the stomach lumen is considerably higher than that of interstitial fluid.

Which of the following statements regarding protein digestion and absorption is TRUE?

Which of the following molecules crosses the luminal membrane of intestinal cells by facilitated diffusion?

The volume of fluids secreted by the gastrointestinal tract in a typical day is far greater than the volume of food and drink ingested.

Which accurately describes lipase?

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling in Physiology

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Filters

Exam 15: The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Iron is stored in the body mainly as a protein-iron storage complex called:

What structure secretes the enzyme that breaks down starch to smaller carbohydrates?

The liver contributes to GI function, although it is not technically part of the gastrointestinal tract.

Which of the following statements about pancreatic enzymes is FALSE?

In general, sympathetic stimulation increases gastric secretion and motility, while parasympathetic stimulation decreases these two processes.

Which of the following breakfasts would likely remain in the stomach longest?

Polysaccharides must be broken down to disaccharides in order to be absorbed.

The lumen of the gastrointestinal tract is continuous with the external environment.

Which is TRUE regarding the secretion of HCl in the stomach?

Which is NOT true about receptors that mediate digestive reflexes?

Which is TRUE regarding the three phases of the control of HCl secretion?

Which of the following is NOT a part of the swallowing reflex?

Which of the following processes is NOT associated with gastrointestinal function?

The main source of enzymes that cleave disaccharides into monosaccharides is:

Bicarbonate is:

The pH of the contents of the stomach lumen is considerably higher than that of interstitial fluid.

Which of the following statements regarding protein digestion and absorption is TRUE?

Which of the following molecules crosses the luminal membrane of intestinal cells by facilitated diffusion?

The volume of fluids secreted by the gastrointestinal tract in a typical day is far greater than the volume of food and drink ingested.

Which accurately describes lipase?

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling in Physiology

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Filters