Question 1

Protein channels that link the cytosol of adjacent cells are called ___________ junctions.

Accepted Answer

A)  cadherin 
B)  tight 
C)  gap 
D)  conjunction 
E)  nexus 
A)  cadherin 
B)  tight 
C)  gap 
D)  conjunction 
E)  nexus C

Question 2

RNA synthesis from a DNA template:

Accepted Answer

A)  is called translation of the message. 
B)  requires DNA polymerase. 
C)  is called transcription. 
D)  occurs in the nucleolus. 
E)  occurs in the cytoplasm. 
A)  is called translation of the message. 
B)  requires DNA polymerase. 
C)  is called transcription. 
D)  occurs in the nucleolus. 
E)  occurs in the cytoplasm. C

Question 3

What is the main function of cellular tight junctions?

Accepted Answer

A)  They resist forces that tend to pull cells apart. 
B)  They form barriers that restrict the passage of materials through the extracellular space between cells. 
C)  They are protein channels that allow the movement of ions between the cytosol of adjacent cells. 
D)  They are spaces that allow movement of substances between the interior of the nucleus and the cytosol. 
E)  They hold the genetic material in a tightly coiled conformation. 
A)  They resist forces that tend to pull cells apart. 
B)  They form barriers that restrict the passage of materials through the extracellular space between cells. 
C)  They are protein channels that allow the movement of ions between the cytosol of adjacent cells. 
D)  They are spaces that allow movement of substances between the interior of the nucleus and the cytosol. 
E)  They hold the genetic material in a tightly coiled conformation. B

Question 4

In the Krebs cycle, an acetyl fragment is broken down to CO2 and H ions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What is "allosteric modulation"?

Accepted Answer

A)  regulation of physiological functions by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system 
B)  modification of the functional state of a protein by temperature or pH 
C)  the change in the shape and functional state of a protein that occurs when a ligand binds to a regulatory site 
D)  the fact that all binding sites on a protein must be occupied to have a biological effect 
E)  the ability of a single ligand-binding site to bind to molecularly similar ligands 
A)  regulation of physiological functions by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system 
B)  modification of the functional state of a protein by temperature or pH 
C)  the change in the shape and functional state of a protein that occurs when a ligand binds to a regulatory site 
D)  the fact that all binding sites on a protein must be occupied to have a biological effect 
E)  the ability of a single ligand-binding site to bind to molecularly similar ligands

Question 6

The term "metabolism":

Accepted Answer

A)  is synonymous with the term "catabolism." 
B)  is synonymous with the term "anabolism." 
C)  refers to any chemical reaction that involves the production of energy. 
D)  is defined as the covalent modification and activation of a protein with binding sites for organic molecules. 
E)  refers to the synthesis and breakdown of organic molecules involved in cell structure and function. 
A)  is synonymous with the term "catabolism." 
B)  is synonymous with the term "anabolism." 
C)  refers to any chemical reaction that involves the production of energy. 
D)  is defined as the covalent modification and activation of a protein with binding sites for organic molecules. 
E)  refers to the synthesis and breakdown of organic molecules involved in cell structure and function.

Question 7

Desmosomes are structures that permit direct communication between cells by allowing the cells to exchange small molecules in their cytoplasms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Ammonia is

Accepted Answer

A)  a waste product of fatty acid metabolism. 
B)  exhaled by the lungs into the air. 
C)  processed by the liver to form urea, a less toxic compound. 
D)  a waste product of fatty acid metabolism and is excreted by the kidneys into urine. 
E)  a polypeptide containing many amino acids. 
A)  a waste product of fatty acid metabolism. 
B)  exhaled by the lungs into the air. 
C)  processed by the liver to form urea, a less toxic compound. 
D)  a waste product of fatty acid metabolism and is excreted by the kidneys into urine. 
E)  a polypeptide containing many amino acids.

Question 9

Substrate-level phosphorylation takes place in the ribosomes of cells, whereas oxidative phosphorylation takes place in mitochondria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A certain protein receptor is capable of binding the neurotransmitter epinephrine but does not bind to the neurotransmitters dopamine, glutamate, or serotonin. This is because the receptor displays what characteristic?

Accepted Answer

A)  saturation 
B)  inhibition 
C)  specificity 
D)  acclimatization 
E)  accommodation 
A)  saturation 
B)  inhibition 
C)  specificity 
D)  acclimatization 
E)  accommodation

Question 11

The rate-limiting reaction in a metabolic pathway is one that occurs at a faster rate than the other steps in the pathway.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which best describes functions of the agranular (smooth) endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

A)  transcription of DNA into RNA 
B)  generation of ATP 
C)  digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris 
D)  synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles 
E)  synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions 
A)  transcription of DNA into RNA 
B)  generation of ATP 
C)  digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris 
D)  synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles 
E)  synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

Question 13

Intracellular fluid is defined as the fluid in the cytoplasm.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Fat-soluble vitamins are required for health because they act as coenzymes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The major waste product of metabolism is H2O.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The active site of an enzyme is a functional binding site.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which is TRUE about glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  It does not occur in the absence of O2. 
B)  It does not occur in the presence of O2. 
C)  It may result in the formation of two molecules of lactate for each molecule of glucose. 
D)  It is a series of metabolic reactions that occur mainly inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. 
E)  It is a metabolic reaction in which glucose is manufactured from large carbohydrates like glycogen. 
A)  It does not occur in the absence of O2. 
B)  It does not occur in the presence of O2. 
C)  It may result in the formation of two molecules of lactate for each molecule of glucose. 
D)  It is a series of metabolic reactions that occur mainly inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. 
E)  It is a metabolic reaction in which glucose is manufactured from large carbohydrates like glycogen.

Question 18

Which is a function of transfer RNA (tRNA)?

Accepted Answer

A)  transport mRNA out of the nucleus 
B)  binding specifically to mRNA and nonspecifically to amino acids 
C)  binding specifically to amino acids and nonspecifically to mRNA 
D)  binding specifically to both mRNA and to amino acids 
A)  transport mRNA out of the nucleus 
B)  binding specifically to mRNA and nonspecifically to amino acids 
C)  binding specifically to amino acids and nonspecifically to mRNA 
D)  binding specifically to both mRNA and to amino acids

Question 19

The deletion of a single base in a gene would alter the structure of the gene's protein more than the substitution of one base for another.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What cellular structures are most closely associated with vaults?

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclear pores 
B)  peroxisomes 
C)  lysosomes 
D)  mitochondria 
E)  gap junctions 
A)  nuclear pores 
B)  peroxisomes 
C)  lysosomes 
D)  mitochondria 
E)  gap junctions

Protein channels that link the cytosol of adjacent cells are called ___________ junctions.

RNA synthesis from a DNA template:

What is the main function of cellular tight junctions?

In the Krebs cycle, an acetyl fragment is broken down to CO₂ and H ions.

What is "allosteric modulation"?

The term "metabolism":

Desmosomes are structures that permit direct communication between cells by allowing the cells to exchange small molecules in their cytoplasms.

Ammonia is

Substrate-level phosphorylation takes place in the ribosomes of cells, whereas oxidative phosphorylation takes place in mitochondria.

A certain protein receptor is capable of binding the neurotransmitter epinephrine but does not bind to the neurotransmitters dopamine, glutamate, or serotonin. This is because the receptor displays what characteristic?

The rate-limiting reaction in a metabolic pathway is one that occurs at a faster rate than the other steps in the pathway.

Which best describes functions of the agranular (smooth) endoplasmic reticulum?

Intracellular fluid is defined as the fluid in the cytoplasm.

Fat-soluble vitamins are required for health because they act as coenzymes.

The major waste product of metabolism is H₂O.

The active site of an enzyme is a functional binding site.

Which is TRUE about glycolysis?

Which is a function of transfer RNA (tRNA)?

The deletion of a single base in a gene would alter the structure of the gene's protein more than the substitution of one base for another.

What cellular structures are most closely associated with vaults?

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling in Physiology

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Filters

Exam 3: Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways

Protein channels that link the cytosol of adjacent cells are called ___________ junctions.

RNA synthesis from a DNA template:

What is the main function of cellular tight junctions?

In the Krebs cycle, an acetyl fragment is broken down to CO2 and H ions.

What is "allosteric modulation"?

The term "metabolism":

Desmosomes are structures that permit direct communication between cells by allowing the cells to exchange small molecules in their cytoplasms.

Ammonia is

Substrate-level phosphorylation takes place in the ribosomes of cells, whereas oxidative phosphorylation takes place in mitochondria.

A certain protein receptor is capable of binding the neurotransmitter epinephrine but does not bind to the neurotransmitters dopamine, glutamate, or serotonin. This is because the receptor displays what characteristic?

The rate-limiting reaction in a metabolic pathway is one that occurs at a faster rate than the other steps in the pathway.

Which best describes functions of the agranular (smooth) endoplasmic reticulum?

Intracellular fluid is defined as the fluid in the cytoplasm.

Fat-soluble vitamins are required for health because they act as coenzymes.

The major waste product of metabolism is H2O.

The active site of an enzyme is a functional binding site.

Which is TRUE about glycolysis?

Which is a function of transfer RNA (tRNA)?

The deletion of a single base in a gene would alter the structure of the gene's protein more than the substitution of one base for another.

What cellular structures are most closely associated with vaults?

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling in Physiology

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Filters

In the Krebs cycle, an acetyl fragment is broken down to CO₂ and H ions.

The major waste product of metabolism is H₂O.