Question 1

In Addison's disease, the adrenal cortices degenerate. Which will result if a patient with this disease undergoes prolonged fasting?

Accepted Answer

A)  hypoglycemia 
B)  hyperglycemia 
C)  excessive lipolysis 
D)  decreased insulin sensitivity 
E)  excessive liver gluconeogenesis 
A)  hypoglycemia 
B)  hyperglycemia 
C)  excessive lipolysis 
D)  decreased insulin sensitivity 
E)  excessive liver gluconeogenesis A

Question 2

The integrating centers for temperature-regulating reflexes are located in the brain stem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Which event occurs during exercise but NOT during fasting?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased breakdown of triglycerides 
B)  increased glycogenolysis 
C)  increased glucose uptake by muscle 
D)  increased fatty acid oxidation 
E)  increased cortisol secretion 
A)  increased breakdown of triglycerides 
B)  increased glycogenolysis 
C)  increased glucose uptake by muscle 
D)  increased fatty acid oxidation 
E)  increased cortisol secretion C

Question 4

Which of the following does NOT characterize the postabsorptive state?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperglycemia occurs. 
B)  Gluconeogenesis occurs. 
C)  Glucose-sparing reactions occur. 
D)  Insulin secretion is lower than in the absorptive state. 
E)  Glucagon secretion is higher than in the absorptive state. 
A)  Hyperglycemia occurs. 
B)  Gluconeogenesis occurs. 
C)  Glucose-sparing reactions occur. 
D)  Insulin secretion is lower than in the absorptive state. 
E)  Glucagon secretion is higher than in the absorptive state.

Question 5

In untreated type 1 diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), acidosis occurs because:

Accepted Answer

A)  dehydration concentrates the blood so even though H+ production is normal, its concentration is high. 
B)  kidney failure results in a decreased ability to excrete the normal amount of H+. 
C)  excess plasma glucose is taken up by the liver and converted to fatty acids. 
D)  insulin levels are extremely high, and insulin is an acidic protein hormone. 
E)  excessive lipolysis results in increased plasma fatty acid levels, which the liver converts to acidic ketones. 
A)  dehydration concentrates the blood so even though H+ production is normal, its concentration is high. 
B)  kidney failure results in a decreased ability to excrete the normal amount of H+. 
C)  excess plasma glucose is taken up by the liver and converted to fatty acids. 
D)  insulin levels are extremely high, and insulin is an acidic protein hormone. 
E)  excessive lipolysis results in increased plasma fatty acid levels, which the liver converts to acidic ketones.

Question 6

Which is NOT stimulated by the hormone insulin?

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in the number of glucose transporters in cell membranes 
B)  an increase in amino acid uptake by cells 
C)  an increase in glycogen synthesis 
D)  an increase in triglyceride synthesis 
E)  an increase in ketone synthesis 
A)  an increase in the number of glucose transporters in cell membranes 
B)  an increase in amino acid uptake by cells 
C)  an increase in glycogen synthesis 
D)  an increase in triglyceride synthesis 
E)  an increase in ketone synthesis

Question 7

Which of the following tissues is most dependent upon a constant blood supply of glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)  liver 
B)  brain 
C)  adipose 
D)  skeletal muscle 
E)  cardiac muscle 
A)  liver 
B)  brain 
C)  adipose 
D)  skeletal muscle 
E)  cardiac muscle

Question 8

A person's lowest metabolic rate

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs during sleep. 
B)  occurs when they are younger. 
C)  occurs during exercise. 
D)  occurs after a meal. 
E)  occurs when body temperature increases. 
A)  occurs during sleep. 
B)  occurs when they are younger. 
C)  occurs during exercise. 
D)  occurs after a meal. 
E)  occurs when body temperature increases.

Question 9

Receptors for the regulation of body temperature are heat and cold receptors in the skin, the CNS, and internal organs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

During the postabsorptive phase of metabolism:

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogen in muscle cells is broken down to glucose, which is released into the blood. 
B)  liver glycogen is broken down to glucose, which is released into the blood. 
C)  triacylglycerols in adipose tissue are broken down to glucose by lipolysis. 
D)  the liver exports lactate to the muscles, which use it for fuel. 
E)  glycerol and fatty acids are rapidly assembled into triglycerides in adipose tissue. 
A)  glycogen in muscle cells is broken down to glucose, which is released into the blood. 
B)  liver glycogen is broken down to glucose, which is released into the blood. 
C)  triacylglycerols in adipose tissue are broken down to glucose by lipolysis. 
D)  the liver exports lactate to the muscles, which use it for fuel. 
E)  glycerol and fatty acids are rapidly assembled into triglycerides in adipose tissue.

Question 11

Pituitary growth hormone has effects on protein metabolism similar to those of insulin, but its effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are similar to those of elevated cortisol.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

During exercise:

Accepted Answer

A)  blood glucose levels fall dramatically. 
B)  epinephrine and glucagon stimulate glycogenolysis in liver cells. 
C)  decreased blood glucose and increased epinephrine stimulate insulin secretion. 
D)  epinephrine stimulates glucagon secretion and inhibits skeletal muscle uptake of glucose. 
E)  cortisol and growth hormone secretion are decreased. 
A)  blood glucose levels fall dramatically. 
B)  epinephrine and glucagon stimulate glycogenolysis in liver cells. 
C)  decreased blood glucose and increased epinephrine stimulate insulin secretion. 
D)  epinephrine stimulates glucagon secretion and inhibits skeletal muscle uptake of glucose. 
E)  cortisol and growth hormone secretion are decreased.

Question 13

The calorigenic effect of thyroid hormones refers to their effect in increasing the rate at which the body synthesizes protein and fat.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What enzyme converts chylomicron triacylglycerols into fatty acids and monoglycerides?

Accepted Answer

A)  pancreatic lipase 
B)  pancreatic amylase 
C)  lipoprotein lipase 
D)  pepsin 
E)  hexokinase 
A)  pancreatic lipase 
B)  pancreatic amylase 
C)  lipoprotein lipase 
D)  pepsin 
E)  hexokinase

Question 15

The most important of the glucose counterregulatory controls in normal circumstances is epinephrine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Glucagon secretion is stimulated by:

Accepted Answer

A)  hypoglycemia and parasympathetic nerve firing. 
B)  hyperglycemia and a high concentration of epinephrine. 
C)  high plasma epinephrine and high plasma incretin concentrations. 
D)  hypoglycemia and high plasma epinephrine concentration. 
E)  hyperglycemia and high plasma incretin concentration. 
A)  hypoglycemia and parasympathetic nerve firing. 
B)  hyperglycemia and a high concentration of epinephrine. 
C)  high plasma epinephrine and high plasma incretin concentrations. 
D)  hypoglycemia and high plasma epinephrine concentration. 
E)  hyperglycemia and high plasma incretin concentration.

Question 17

During exercise, glucose uptake by muscle cells is increased because of increased insulin secretion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Gluconeogenesis is stimulated by decreased levels of:

Accepted Answer

A)  epinephrine. 
B)  insulin. 
C)  glucocorticoids. 
D)  growth hormone. 
E)  glucagon. 
A)  epinephrine. 
B)  insulin. 
C)  glucocorticoids. 
D)  growth hormone. 
E)  glucagon.

Question 19

During the absorptive state, the body makes use of stored nutrients for energy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which is a symptom of untreated type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

A)  low plasma ketones 
B)  increased blood volume 
C)  decreased respiration 
D)  hyperglycemia 
E)  increased plasma insulin 
A)  low plasma ketones 
B)  increased blood volume 
C)  decreased respiration 
D)  hyperglycemia 
E)  increased plasma insulin

In Addison's disease, the adrenal cortices degenerate. Which will result if a patient with this disease undergoes prolonged fasting?

The integrating centers for temperature-regulating reflexes are located in the brain stem.

Which event occurs during exercise but NOT during fasting?

Which of the following does NOT characterize the postabsorptive state?

In untreated type 1 diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), acidosis occurs because:

Which is NOT stimulated by the hormone insulin?

Which of the following tissues is most dependent upon a constant blood supply of glucose?

A person's lowest metabolic rate

Receptors for the regulation of body temperature are heat and cold receptors in the skin, the CNS, and internal organs.

During the postabsorptive phase of metabolism:

Pituitary growth hormone has effects on protein metabolism similar to those of insulin, but its effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are similar to those of elevated cortisol.

During exercise:

The calorigenic effect of thyroid hormones refers to their effect in increasing the rate at which the body synthesizes protein and fat.

What enzyme converts chylomicron triacylglycerols into fatty acids and monoglycerides?

The most important of the glucose counterregulatory controls in normal circumstances is epinephrine.

Glucagon secretion is stimulated by:

During exercise, glucose uptake by muscle cells is increased because of increased insulin secretion.

Gluconeogenesis is stimulated by decreased levels of:

During the absorptive state, the body makes use of stored nutrients for energy.

Which is a symptom of untreated type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus?

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling in Physiology

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Reproduction

The Immune System

Filters

Exam 16: Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

In Addison's disease, the adrenal cortices degenerate. Which will result if a patient with this disease undergoes prolonged fasting?

The integrating centers for temperature-regulating reflexes are located in the brain stem.

Which event occurs during exercise but NOT during fasting?

Which of the following does NOT characterize the postabsorptive state?

In untreated type 1 diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), acidosis occurs because:

Which is NOT stimulated by the hormone insulin?

Which of the following tissues is most dependent upon a constant blood supply of glucose?

A person's lowest metabolic rate

Receptors for the regulation of body temperature are heat and cold receptors in the skin, the CNS, and internal organs.

During the postabsorptive phase of metabolism:

Pituitary growth hormone has effects on protein metabolism similar to those of insulin, but its effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are similar to those of elevated cortisol.

During exercise:

The calorigenic effect of thyroid hormones refers to their effect in increasing the rate at which the body synthesizes protein and fat.

What enzyme converts chylomicron triacylglycerols into fatty acids and monoglycerides?

The most important of the glucose counterregulatory controls in normal circumstances is epinephrine.

Glucagon secretion is stimulated by:

During exercise, glucose uptake by muscle cells is increased because of increased insulin secretion.

Gluconeogenesis is stimulated by decreased levels of:

During the absorptive state, the body makes use of stored nutrients for energy.

Which is a symptom of untreated type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus?

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body and Its Relation to Physiology

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling in Physiology

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Reproduction

The Immune System

Filters