Exam 14: The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

Which of the following statements concerning the process of glomerular filtration is correct?

Which is TRUE about the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

One response to increased H⁺ production in the body is decreased reabsorption of HCO₃^- by the kidneys.

Which of the following symptoms would a patient with a deficiency of parathyroid hormone be most likely to experience?

Stimuli that cause increased Na⁺ reabsorption decrease K⁺ secretion.

Both Na⁺ and Cl^- freely filter from the glomerular capillaries into Bowman's space, with no secretion along the renal tubule.

What is the rate-limiting (regulated) step for stimulating the secretion of aldosterone?

Which would result from ingesting a large amount of salt?

A consequence of lack of vasopressin is excretion of sugar in the urine, which occurs in the condition diabetes mellitus.

Which of the following most accurately describes the renal transport of Na⁺?

The loss of 0.5 L of sweat would stimulate a greater increase in vasopressin secretion than the loss of an equal amount of blood plasma over the same period of time. This statement is:

Which is NOT true about the countercurrent multiplier system of the kidney?

The filtered load of water in an average person is approximately 180 L/day.

Regulation of extracellular K⁺ is not critical to body function because only about 2% of the total-body K⁺ is in the extracellular fluid.

In what segment of the nephron is the greatest fraction of filtered water reabsorbed?

What change in renal regulation of H⁺ would help compensate for a metabolic acidosis?

After prolonged exertion in a hot climate, baroreceptors would ________ firing, leading to ________ secretion of ________ and thus ________ renal reabsorption of ________.

Large amounts of protein in a person's urine indicate that the person is eating a high-protein diet.

Ingestion of large amounts of K⁺ triggers reflexes to limit the amount of K⁺ reabsorbed by the cortical collecting ducts.

The anatomic arrangement of juxtamedullary nephrons in the kidneys is such that the glomerulus, proximal tubule, and distal convoluted tubule are in the renal cortex, while the loop of Henle and collecting ducts lie mainly in the renal medulla.