Exam 7: Learning

A few studies have suggested that observational learning of tool use in chimpanzees can be enhanced by:

The enculturation hypothesis suggests that each species fosters a unique culture that facilitates observational learning within that species.

Roser and colleagues (2015)conducted a study in which they studied the formation of implicit spatial relationships in both teenagers and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)and age-matched controls.Which statement about their findings is TRUE?

Observational learning challenges operant conditioning because such learning occurs in the absence of reinforcement or punishment.

Deficits in implicit learning have been linked to:

Positive reinforcement is usually considered desirable and negative reinforcement usually is considered undesirable.

Which statement about the conditioned stimulus in classical conditioning is TRUE?

Slot machines pay out according to which type of reinforcement schedule?

A study put rats in a typical T-maze that ended with two different directions.The study found that,if a rat found food in one arm on the first trial of the day,it typically looked in the other arm on the very next trial.This is BEST explained by:

The presence of a drug-related conditioned compensatory response produces:

Dopamine-blocking drugs diminish the reinforcing effects of opiate drugs.

Extinction in operant conditioning involves:

Learned food aversions should occur more often with _____ due to the evolutionary adaptive conditioning of rejecting foods that may be toxic.

When something undesirable has been removed upon the occurrence of a behaviour,and as a result that behaviour is strengthened,_____ has happened.

A university instructor implements the following attendance policy.All students are given 20 bonus points at the start of the semester.Each absence will result in the loss of 5 bonus points.The instructor hopes this policy will _____ absences.

Some types of learning begin as explicit but become implicit over time.

Which sequence describes how the intensity of a CR changes during the acquisition phase of classical conditioning?

Pavlov's dogs learned to salivate to a particular tone but not to a buzzer,illustrating the process of:

Rats that traversed a maze for 10 consecutive days with no reward showed no evidence of learning the maze.When reinforcement was provided beginning on the 11th day,Tolman reported that these rats:

Amelia tells an off-colour joke to her friends but not to her grandparents.Her audience represents the _____ in Skinner's three-term contingency.