Exam 7: Learning

Which item is NOT an example of a schedule of intermittent reinforcement?

Edward Chace Tolman argued that latent learning is a by-product of reinforcement.

Behaviourists were NOT influenced by the work of Thorndike because:

In a study by Cross and colleagues (2009),half of the participants watched videos of specific dance sequences.The other half of participants actually practiced these sequences.All participants were then given a surprise dance test consisting of trained (observed or practiced)and untrained sequences.Participants who only observed videos of dance sequences:

Learning that takes place largely independent of awareness of both the process and the products of information acquisition is called:

Use the following to answer questions : Scenario II A boy with autism sometimes engages in self-stimulatory behaviour such as waving his hands in front of his eyes while doing his homework.Curiously,he engages in this behaviour when his father is around but usually not when his mother is.An applied behaviour analyst working with the boy closely observes the interactions between the boy and his parents in an effort to determine why the self-stimulatory behaviour is occurring.She notes that,on the rare occasions when the boy engages in the problem behaviour in the presence of his mother,the mother simply ignores this behaviour.However,after the problem behaviour occurs a number of times in the presence of the father,the father often intervenes.While he does not provide attention to his son,he does remove the homework materials for a number of minutes,essentially giving the boy a break.This usually calms the boy and results in the cessation of the problem behaviour.The therapist notes that the amount of self-stimulatory behaviour before the father intervenes is quite unpredictable;sometimes the father intervenes after only one or two instances,and sometimes he waits until many instances occur in an effort to keep the boy on task with his homework as long as possible. -(Scenario II)The fact that the boy engages in problem behaviour in the presence of his father but not his mother illustrates:

A parent spanked a child for misbehaving,and the misbehaviour stopped.By definition,the spanking served as a _____ for the misbehaviour.

In operant conditioning,presenting reinforcement upon the occurrence of a response only at regular time periods is called a _____ schedule.

A celebrity makes an insensitive tweet and,as a consequence,loses thousands of followers.As a result,he is less likely to make insensitive tweets in the future.This illustrates which behavioural process?

The Little Albert study showed that fear conditioning in humans is quite different from fear conditioning in animals.

In classical conditioning,the conditioned stimulus (CS)is initially neutral and does not evoke a conditioned response.

Observational learning challenges an operant account of learning because:

A doctor gives a patient in chronic pain a morphine pump to operate.The doctor tells the patient to press the button whenever she is in pain.The button press will result in a morphine injection,but only if it has been at least 1 hour since the last injection.The morphine pump is operating according to a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Reinforcement is generally more effective at promoting learning than is punishment.

The development of a conditioned compensatory response contributes to drug tolerance.

Tammy ate raw oysters for the first time and,4 hours later,became extremely sick to her stomach.Now,the smell of oysters makes her stomach queasy.What is the UR?

The hippocampus is not necessary for implicit learning to occur.

Your friend's mother was always baking ginger-flavoured cookies whenever you were at her house.You loved those cookies,and would eat several each time you visited.One day,you noticed that you started to salivate as soon as you walked up the front steps to the house,before you even smelled the cookies.The reason for this is that the house has become a(n):

When a drug of abuse such as heroin is injected,the entire setting (the drug paraphernalia,the room,the lighting,etc. )can become a _____ and elicit responses _____ the drug.

Use the following to answer questions : Scenario I Tyler is physically dependent on heroin and injects it intravenously multiple times per day.Most often,he uses with his dealer in a drug house on his street.One day when his dealer was out of town,Tyler met a group of fellow users going to a drug party about 2 hours away.Tyler tagged along,and noted that he felt odd injecting the drug in this setting,because the new people and environment were a marked departure from his usual routine.Minutes later,although the drug was of the same quality and he took no more or less than usual,Tyler overdosed and had to be rushed to the emergency room. -(Scenario I)According to a classical conditioning account of heroin overdose,one unconditioned response is a(n)_____ in the rate of respiration and one conditioned response is a(n)_____.