Exam 7: Learning

In his experiment with Little Albert,one of John Watson's goals was to show that:

Which statement about implicit learning is TRUE?

Responding is not required for reinforcement under a fixed-interval schedule.

Research has shown that dopamine-blocking drugs:

Jane drinks alcohol because it reduces her anxiety.Jane's drinking is being maintained by:

Rats will choose to electrically stimulate their cerebellum over food or sex.

Implicit learning occurs outside of conscious awareness.

Practice testing has been shown to be an effective study strategy.

Which technique is MOST effective for learning school-related material?

Both reinforcers and punishers increase the future likelihood of behaviour.

In rats,birds,and humans,it is easier to condition an association between a taste and stomach sickness than between a visual stimulus and stomach sickness.

In an experiment studying classical conditioning,a tone sounds and 5 seconds later a mild skin shock is delivered to a participant.The skin shock results in a stress response consisting of a temporary increase in heart rate.This process is repeated once every 5 minutes.After a number of trials,the participant demonstrates an elevated heart rate when the tone sounds and before the shock is actually delivered.Within the context of this example,what is the US?

Brain-imaging studies have revealed that watching a model perform a complex behaviour,such as ballroom dancing,is a more effective learning strategy than is actually practicing the complex behaviour.

Use the following to answer questions : Scenario II A boy with autism sometimes engages in self-stimulatory behaviour such as waving his hands in front of his eyes while doing his homework.Curiously,he engages in this behaviour when his father is around but usually not when his mother is.An applied behaviour analyst working with the boy closely observes the interactions between the boy and his parents in an effort to determine why the self-stimulatory behaviour is occurring.She notes that,on the rare occasions when the boy engages in the problem behaviour in the presence of his mother,the mother simply ignores this behaviour.However,after the problem behaviour occurs a number of times in the presence of the father,the father often intervenes.While he does not provide attention to his son,he does remove the homework materials for a number of minutes,essentially giving the boy a break.This usually calms the boy and results in the cessation of the problem behaviour.The therapist notes that the amount of self-stimulatory behaviour before the father intervenes is quite unpredictable;sometimes the father intervenes after only one or two instances,and sometimes he waits until many instances occur in an effort to keep the boy on task with his homework as long as possible. -(Scenario II)The boy's self-stimulatory behaviour is an example of:

Implicit-learning abilities extend into old age and decline more slowly than do explicit learning abilities.

In second-order conditioning,a neutral stimulus becomes a US when it is repeatedly paired with a previously established CS.

Acquisition of a conditioned response starts low,increases slowly,and then rises rapidly for as long as the CS is paired with the US.

Extinction is the equivalent of erasing the effects of learning.

Acquisition is the phase of classical conditioning in which the initially neutral CS (conditioned stimulus)and US (unconditioned stimulus)are presented together.

In people as well as in rats and other animals,the _____ is critically involved in emotional conditioning.