Exam 7: Learning

A baby will not stop crying,and he is driving his parents crazy.As a last resort,the father puts the baby in a laundry basket and sets the basket on top of the running dryer.The vibrations of the dryer soothe the baby and he falls asleep.The father congratulates himself on discovering this solution,which he most definitely will employ the next time the baby cannot be consoled.The father's behaviour of implementing the "dryer trick" has thus been:

The _____ nucleus of the amygdala plays a critical role in emotional conditioning.

Monkeys,but not pigeons,can learn by observation.

The radio DJ says,"Sometime this hour,I'll be giving away a pair of tickets to the Stanley Cup playoffs to one lucky caller." This is an example of which type of reinforcement schedule?

Making mental images of study material has been shown to be more effective than is distributed practice.

Classical conditioning is the study of behaviours that are _____,whereas operant conditioning studies behaviours that are _____.

Which statement about primary reinforcers is TRUE?

Extinction will proceed MOST rapidly if behaviour previously had been maintained under a(n)_____ schedule of reinforcement.

James Olds (1956)discovered that rats would ignore food,water,and other life-sustaining necessities for hours if they were able to control stimulation of certain parts of the brain.He called these areas of the brain:

What is one major flaw of punishment?

One day when Max was bowling,his shoelaces came untied and he bowled a strike.From then onwards,Max always bowled with his shoes untied.This action is an example of:

In the context of John B.Watson's classical conditioning experiments,Little Albert developed a fear of a _____ because it was paired with a(n)_____.

The idea of _____ suggests conditioning has an evolutionary perspective in that certain associations will be more easily learned if they help an organism survive.

If connections between the amygdala and hypothalamus are severed,the behavioural changes associated with fear conditioning will not occur.

In one study,pigeons watched other pigeons receive reinforcement for either stepping on a bar or pecking at the feeder.When the observer pigeons were later put in the operant chamber,they tended to:

Edward Thorndike was the first to use the term operant behaviour.

The learning process involves the _____ of new knowledge,skills,or responses.

Severing the connections between the amygdala and the _____ will result in the autonomic responses to fearful stimuli _____.

An example of a non-associationistic learning process is:

In classical conditioning,a(n)_____ elicits a(n)_____ due to its association with a(n)_____.