Exam 7: Learning

After being conditioned to fear white rats,Albert also was afraid of white rabbits,illustrating the effects of stimulus discrimination.

B.F.Skinner was diametrically opposed to the consequence-based conceptualization of learning studied by Thorndike.

In a diffusion chain,component behaviours are shaped through approximations until the end behaviour is reached.

The presence of a strong compensatory response as a heroin user injects makes overdose from that injection more likely.

Use the following to answer questions : Scenario II A boy with autism sometimes engages in self-stimulatory behaviour such as waving his hands in front of his eyes while doing his homework.Curiously,he engages in this behaviour when his father is around but usually not when his mother is.An applied behaviour analyst working with the boy closely observes the interactions between the boy and his parents in an effort to determine why the self-stimulatory behaviour is occurring.She notes that,on the rare occasions when the boy engages in the problem behaviour in the presence of his mother,the mother simply ignores this behaviour.However,after the problem behaviour occurs a number of times in the presence of the father,the father often intervenes.While he does not provide attention to his son,he does remove the homework materials for a number of minutes,essentially giving the boy a break.This usually calms the boy and results in the cessation of the problem behaviour.The therapist notes that the amount of self-stimulatory behaviour before the father intervenes is quite unpredictable;sometimes the father intervenes after only one or two instances,and sometimes he waits until many instances occur in an effort to keep the boy on task with his homework as long as possible. -(Scenario II)The applied behaviour analyst would conclude that the self-stimulatory behaviour is probably being maintained by:

In what way did Thorndike's experiments significantly differ from Pavlov's?

B.F.Skinner invented the operant conditioning chamber.

Which statement about observational learning is TRUE?

Who proposed the law of effect?

Variable-ratio schedules of reinforcement produce slightly lower response rates than fixed-ratio schedules.

Thorndike found that,with continued experience in the puzzle box,effective responses _____ and ineffective responses _____.

When something desirable is presented upon the occurrence of a behaviour,and as a result that behaviour is strengthened,_____ has happened.

_____ is MOST known for his work on conditioned taste aversion.

Secondary reinforcers derive their effectiveness from their associations with primary reinforcers through:

Which statement about study techniques is FALSE?

Cramming for exams is an example of:

From an evolutionary perspective,effective learning to avoid any food that has made you sick in the past should NOT have:

Research on diffusion chains of behaviour involving the novel use of a tool has been shown to be faithfully transmitted across _____ children.

Texting with your thumbs is an example of _____ learning that becomes _____ over time.

The smell of a particular perfume scent causes Juan's heart to flutter because he associates it with his girlfriend.The perfume is a: