Exam 7: Learning

When children observed the adult models being rewarded for being aggressive towards the Bobo doll,the children:

When a neutral stimulus evokes a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally evokes a response,the result is an example of which phenomenon?

Which item is a secondary reinforcer?

Skinner defined reinforcers and punishers based on whether or not most people would find them enjoyable.

Little Albert was conditioned to fear a loud noise.

Research has shown that students who are led to believe that a lecture will end in a quiz will:

Which behaviour at first requires explicit learning but,over time,becomes implicit?

The nucleus accumbens is a brain region rich in serotonin.

Use the following to answer questions : Scenario II A boy with autism sometimes engages in self-stimulatory behaviour such as waving his hands in front of his eyes while doing his homework.Curiously,he engages in this behaviour when his father is around but usually not when his mother is.An applied behaviour analyst working with the boy closely observes the interactions between the boy and his parents in an effort to determine why the self-stimulatory behaviour is occurring.She notes that,on the rare occasions when the boy engages in the problem behaviour in the presence of his mother,the mother simply ignores this behaviour.However,after the problem behaviour occurs a number of times in the presence of the father,the father often intervenes.While he does not provide attention to his son,he does remove the homework materials for a number of minutes,essentially giving the boy a break.This usually calms the boy and results in the cessation of the problem behaviour.The therapist notes that the amount of self-stimulatory behaviour before the father intervenes is quite unpredictable;sometimes the father intervenes after only one or two instances,and sometimes he waits until many instances occur in an effort to keep the boy on task with his homework as long as possible. -(Scenario II)The mother is utilizing _____ to keep the boy's level of self-stimulatory behaviour low.

Which statement regarding practice testing is FALSE?

When 3-year-old Ariel threw a tantrum over the candy she wanted,her mother gave it to her so that Ariel would calm down.Although counterproductive in the long run,in that moment,the mother's behaviour was being _____ by _____.

In Pavlov's work with dogs,the conditioned stimulus was the sound of a bell.

A pigeon is reinforced for pecking a key whenever a particular tone is sounded but never reinforced if the tone is absent.Pigeons discriminating these conditions will:

You watch a horror movie and are scared.Running through the background music is a sustained,high-pitched note on a violin.The next day,you are watching a drama that also has background music featuring a violin.Suddenly,you feel uneasy.Which process explains this effect?

Cramming is a form of massed practice.

What was the CS in the Little Albert study?

An explicit knowledge of grammatical rules is necessary to identify correct words in an artificial grammar task.

What principle describes why the taste and smell stimuli that produce food aversions in rats do NOT work with most species of birds?

In an experiment studying classical conditioning,a tone sounds and 0.5 seconds later a puff of air is delivered to a participant's eye.The participant blinks.This process is repeated once per minute.After a number of trials,the participant blinks as soon as the tone sounds and before the puff of air is actually delivered.Within the context of this example,what is the US?

Tammy ate raw oysters for the first time and,4 hours later,became extremely sick to her stomach.Now,the smell of oysters makes her stomach queasy.What is the CR?