Question 1

Superantigens bind to all of the following molecules except _____.

Accepted Answer

A) CD4 
B) MHC class II α chain 
C) CD28 
D) T-cell receptor Vβ chain. 
A) CD4 
B) MHC class II α chain 
C) CD28 
D) T-cell receptor Vβ chain.

Question 2

Protective antibodies generated in response to influenza virus bind to _____ of the viral envelope.

Accepted Answer

A) hemagglutinin and neuraminidase 
B) polysaccharides 
C) variable surface glycoproteins 
D) superantigens 
E) gp41 and gp120. 
A) hemagglutinin and neuraminidase 
B) polysaccharides 
C) variable surface glycoproteins 
D) superantigens 
E) gp41 and gp120.

Question 3

Staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 7 (SSLP7)produced by Staphylococcus aureus,binds to _____ and thereby prevents the killing of the bacterium by the host's immune system during infection.(Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) NK-cell activating receptors 
B) C5 complement protein 
C) CD8 co-receptor 
D) T-cell receptor Vβ chain 
E) Fc region of IgA. 
A) NK-cell activating receptors 
B) C5 complement protein 
C) CD8 co-receptor 
D) T-cell receptor Vβ chain 
E) Fc region of IgA.

Question 4

Reverse transcriptase is a _____ encoded by _____.

Accepted Answer

A) DNA-dependent DNA polymerase; HIV 
B) DNA-dependent DNA polymerase; influenza virus 
C) RNA-dependent DNA polymerase; HIV 
D) RNA-dependent DNA polymerase; influenza virus 
E) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; HIV. 
A) DNA-dependent DNA polymerase; HIV 
B) DNA-dependent DNA polymerase; influenza virus 
C) RNA-dependent DNA polymerase; HIV 
D) RNA-dependent DNA polymerase; influenza virus 
E) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; HIV.

Question 5

A.Name three immunodeficiency diseases caused by defects in phagocytes.
B.Which immunodeficiency disease is caused by a defect in the phagocyte NADPH oxidase system,and what is the cellular effect of this defect?
C.What are the main clinical effects of defects in phagocyte function?

Accepted Answer

A.Chronic granulomatous disease,Chédiak-

Question 6

_____ is a strategy used by herpesviruses where replication and the generation of virus-derived peptides are avoided in order to hide from the immune response.

Accepted Answer

A) latency 
B) antigenic shift 
C) antigenic drift 
D) seroconversion 
E) gene conversion. 
A) latency 
B) antigenic shift 
C) antigenic drift 
D) seroconversion 
E) gene conversion.

Question 7

For infectious HIV virions to be made,the infected cell must _____.(Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) be CD4-positive 
B) express low levels of CCR5 
C) express functional NFκB 
D) be latent 
E) be polyreactive. 
A) be CD4-positive 
B) express low levels of CCR5 
C) express functional NFκB 
D) be latent 
E) be polyreactive.

Question 8

Individuals with an immunodeficiency affecting B-cell function are more susceptible to infections caused by which of the following pathogens?

Accepted Answer

A) Toxoplasma gondii 
B) respiratory syncytial virus 
C) Haemophilus influenzae 
D) Listeria monocytogenes 
E) Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 
A) Toxoplasma gondii 
B) respiratory syncytial virus 
C) Haemophilus influenzae 
D) Listeria monocytogenes 
E) Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Question 9

Explain the difference between (A)elite controllers and (B)elite neutralizers.

Accepted Answer

A.Elite controllers,who make up about 1

Question 10

Which of the following statements about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)are correct? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) HIV has a DNA genome. 
B) HIV must synthesize reverse transcriptase immediately after infecting a cell. 
C) HIV infects cells expressing CD4. 
D) HIV requires the CXCR4 co-receptor for internalization by T cells. 
E)   is a transcription factor that facilitates the transcription of proviral RNA. 
A) HIV has a DNA genome. 
B) HIV must synthesize reverse transcriptase immediately after infecting a cell. 
C) HIV infects cells expressing CD4. 
D) HIV requires the CXCR4 co-receptor for internalization by T cells. 
E)   is a transcription factor that facilitates the transcription of proviral RNA.

Question 11

Explain why a staphylococcal infection might produce a medical emergency.

Accepted Answer

Some staphylococci produce toxins that a

Question 12

Patients who lack _____ are very susceptible to infections with intracellular bacteria,including the ubiquitous nontuberculous strains of mycobacteria.(Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) CD40 ligand 
B) the IL-12 receptor 
C) the IFN-γ receptor 
D) properdin (factor P) 
E) CD18. 
A) CD40 ligand 
B) the IL-12 receptor 
C) the IFN-γ receptor 
D) properdin (factor P) 
E) CD18.

Question 13

A.Explain the mechanism by which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)enters a host cell.
B.Explain the cellular tropism of HIV,discussing the difference between macrophage-tropic and lymphocyte-tropic HIV.
C.Some people seem to be resistant to HIV infection because a primary infection cannot be established in macrophages.What is the reason for this?

Accepted Answer

A.Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infe

Question 14

Match between columns
                        Premises: Human immunodeficiency virus
Treponema pallidum
Salmonella typhimurium
Epstein–Barr virus
Trypanosoma brucei
Staphylococcus aureus
Varicella-zoster virus
Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Accepted Answer

The Answer of B-cell lymphoproliferative disease and toxic shock and is...

Question 15

Which of the following is not used by the herpes simplex virus to subvert host immune responses?

Accepted Answer

A) a virus-encoded Fc receptor 
B) a virus-encoded complement receptor 
C) inhibition of MHC class I expression 
D) inhibition of peptide transport by transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) 
E) inhibition of ICAM-1 expression. 
A) a virus-encoded Fc receptor 
B) a virus-encoded complement receptor 
C) inhibition of MHC class I expression 
D) inhibition of peptide transport by transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) 
E) inhibition of ICAM-1 expression.

Question 16

Match between columns
                        Premises: endogenous retrovirus
provirus
highly active anti-retroviral therapy
viremic controllers
seroconversion
clinical latency
opportunistic pathogens

Accepted Answer

The Answer of commensal microorganisms actively controlled by healthy people is...

Question 17

Which of the following deficiency syndromes affects T-cell but not B-cell function?

Accepted Answer

A) X-linked agammaglobulinemia 
B) X-linked hyper IgM syndrome 
C) X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome 
D) X-linked SCID 
E) X-linked Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. 
A) X-linked agammaglobulinemia 
B) X-linked hyper IgM syndrome 
C) X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome 
D) X-linked SCID 
E) X-linked Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.

Question 18

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A) X-linked agammaglobulinemia: gamma globulin injections 
B) X-linked hyper IgM syndrome: GM-CSF injections 
C) X-linked hyper IgM syndrome: gamma globulin injections 
D) hereditary angioedema: C1INH infusions 
E) None of the above is mismatched. 
A) X-linked agammaglobulinemia: gamma globulin injections 
B) X-linked hyper IgM syndrome: GM-CSF injections 
C) X-linked hyper IgM syndrome: gamma globulin injections 
D) hereditary angioedema: C1INH infusions 
E) None of the above is mismatched.

Question 19

Women who are heterozygous for a defective Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk)gene _____.

Accepted Answer

A) are more susceptible to infections caused by extracellular pyogenic bacteria 
B) have a 50% chance of having a son with X-linked hyper IgM syndrome 
C) mount normal B-cell immune responses despite having lowered levels of serum IgG 
D) exhibit X-linked agammaglobulinemia 
E) have non-random X inactivation in their B cells. 
A) are more susceptible to infections caused by extracellular pyogenic bacteria 
B) have a 50% chance of having a son with X-linked hyper IgM syndrome 
C) mount normal B-cell immune responses despite having lowered levels of serum IgG 
D) exhibit X-linked agammaglobulinemia 
E) have non-random X inactivation in their B cells.

Question 20

A.What does the term seroconversion mean in relation to an HIV infection?
B.What relationship does seroconversion have to the time course of an HIV infection?

Accepted Answer

A.Seroconversion is the point during an

Superantigens bind to all of the following molecules except _____.

Protective antibodies generated in response to influenza virus bind to _____ of the viral envelope.

Staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 7 (SSLP7)produced by Staphylococcus aureus,binds to _____ and thereby prevents the killing of the bacterium by the host's immune system during infection.(Select all that apply.)

Reverse transcriptase is a _ encoded by _.

A.Name three immunodeficiency diseases caused by defects in phagocytes. B.Which immunodeficiency disease is caused by a defect in the phagocyte NADPH oxidase system,and what is the cellular effect of this defect? C.What are the main clinical effects of defects in phagocyte function?

_____ is a strategy used by herpesviruses where replication and the generation of virus-derived peptides are avoided in order to hide from the immune response.

For infectious HIV virions to be made,the infected cell must _____.(Select all that apply.)

Individuals with an immunodeficiency affecting B-cell function are more susceptible to infections caused by which of the following pathogens?

Explain the difference between (A)elite controllers and (B)elite neutralizers.

Which of the following statements about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)are correct? (Select all that apply.)

Explain why a staphylococcal infection might produce a medical emergency.

Patients who lack _____ are very susceptible to infections with intracellular bacteria,including the ubiquitous nontuberculous strains of mycobacteria.(Select all that apply.)

Which of the following is not used by the herpes simplex virus to subvert host immune responses?

Which of the following deficiency syndromes affects T-cell but not B-cell function?

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

Women who are heterozygous for a defective Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk)gene _____.

A.What does the term seroconversion mean in relation to an HIV infection? B.What relationship does seroconversion have to the time course of an HIV infection?

Elements of the Immune System and Their Roles in Defense

Innate Immunity: the Immediate Response to Infection

Innate Immunity: the Induced Response to Infection

Antibody Structure and the Generation of B-Cell Diversity

Antigen Recognition by T Lymphocytes

The Development of B Lymphocytes

The Development of T Lymphocytes

T Cell-Mediated Immunity

Immunity Mediated by B Cells and Antibodies

Preventing Infection at Mucosal Surfaces

Immunological Memory and Vaccination

Coevolution of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Ige-Mediated Immunity and Allergy

Transplantation of Tissues and Organs

Disruption of Healthy Tissue by the Adaptive Immune Response

Cancer and Its Interactions With the Immune System

Filters

Exam 13: Failures of the Bodys Defenses

Superantigens bind to all of the following molecules except _____.

Protective antibodies generated in response to influenza virus bind to _____ of the viral envelope.

Staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 7 (SSLP7)produced by Staphylococcus aureus,binds to _____ and thereby prevents the killing of the bacterium by the host's immune system during infection.(Select all that apply.)

Reverse transcriptase is a _____ encoded by _____.

A.Name three immunodeficiency diseases caused by defects in phagocytes. B.Which immunodeficiency disease is caused by a defect in the phagocyte NADPH oxidase system,and what is the cellular effect of this defect? C.What are the main clinical effects of defects in phagocyte function?

_____ is a strategy used by herpesviruses where replication and the generation of virus-derived peptides are avoided in order to hide from the immune response.

For infectious HIV virions to be made,the infected cell must _____.(Select all that apply.)

Individuals with an immunodeficiency affecting B-cell function are more susceptible to infections caused by which of the following pathogens?

Explain the difference between (A)elite controllers and (B)elite neutralizers.

Which of the following statements about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)are correct? (Select all that apply.)

Explain why a staphylococcal infection might produce a medical emergency.

Patients who lack _____ are very susceptible to infections with intracellular bacteria,including the ubiquitous nontuberculous strains of mycobacteria.(Select all that apply.)

Which of the following is not used by the herpes simplex virus to subvert host immune responses?

Which of the following deficiency syndromes affects T-cell but not B-cell function?

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

Women who are heterozygous for a defective Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk)gene _____.

A.What does the term seroconversion mean in relation to an HIV infection? B.What relationship does seroconversion have to the time course of an HIV infection?

Elements of the Immune System and Their Roles in Defense

Innate Immunity: the Immediate Response to Infection

Innate Immunity: the Induced Response to Infection

Antibody Structure and the Generation of B-Cell Diversity

Antigen Recognition by T Lymphocytes

The Development of B Lymphocytes

The Development of T Lymphocytes

T Cell-Mediated Immunity

Immunity Mediated by B Cells and Antibodies

Preventing Infection at Mucosal Surfaces

Immunological Memory and Vaccination

Coevolution of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Ige-Mediated Immunity and Allergy

Transplantation of Tissues and Organs

Disruption of Healthy Tissue by the Adaptive Immune Response

Cancer and Its Interactions With the Immune System

Filters

Reverse transcriptase is a _ encoded by _.