Question 1

Which of the following is not a virus that can cause a persistent infection in the host by establishing latency?

Accepted Answer

A) influenza virus 
B) herpes simplex virus 
C) varicella-zoster 
D) Epstein-Barr virus 
E) human immunodeficiency virus. 
A) influenza virus 
B) herpes simplex virus 
C) varicella-zoster 
D) Epstein-Barr virus 
E) human immunodeficiency virus.

Question 2

Dominant mutant forms of IFNγR1 exhibit all of the following in heterozygotes except _____.

Accepted Answer

A) they are recycled by endocytosis more quickly than the normal receptor 
B) the cytoplasmic tail is truncated 
C) they are able to form stable dimers with the normal form 
D) they cause less severe immunodeficiency than do the homozygous recessive forms 
E) they are unable to transduce signals when bound to the normal form. 
A) they are recycled by endocytosis more quickly than the normal receptor 
B) the cytoplasmic tail is truncated 
C) they are able to form stable dimers with the normal form 
D) they cause less severe immunodeficiency than do the homozygous recessive forms 
E) they are unable to transduce signals when bound to the normal form.

Question 3

Herpesviruses include all of the following except _____.

Accepted Answer

A) varicella-zoster 
B) Epstein-Barr virus 
C) herpes simplex virus 
D) cytomegalovirus 
E) All of the above are herpesviruses. 
A) varicella-zoster 
B) Epstein-Barr virus 
C) herpes simplex virus 
D) cytomegalovirus 
E) All of the above are herpesviruses.

Question 4

A genetic defect in _____ results in the accumulation of toxic levels of nucleotide metabolites and loss of T-cell function.

Accepted Answer

A) NADPH oxidase 
B) glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 
C) myeloperoxidase 
D) SH2D1A 
E) adenosine deaminase (AD
A) . 
A) NADPH oxidase 
B) glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 
C) myeloperoxidase 
D) SH2D1A 
E) adenosine deaminase (AD
A) .

Question 5

Which of the following statements regarding inherited immunodeficiency diseases is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Affected individuals are less susceptible to infection. 
B) Mortality rates are reduced by the administration of antibiotics to affected individuals. 
C) Most deficiency syndromes are caused by dominant gene defects. 
D) Women are more likely than men to inherit X-linked immunodeficiencies. 
E) Extracellular bacterial infections are common in deficiency syndromes with T-cell defects. 
A) Affected individuals are less susceptible to infection. 
B) Mortality rates are reduced by the administration of antibiotics to affected individuals. 
C) Most deficiency syndromes are caused by dominant gene defects. 
D) Women are more likely than men to inherit X-linked immunodeficiencies. 
E) Extracellular bacterial infections are common in deficiency syndromes with T-cell defects.

Question 6

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD),a condition resulting in chronic bacterial and fungal infections,is caused by one or more defects in _____,compromising the ability of macrophages to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) CD18; produce cell adhesion molecules 
B) NADPH oxidase; produce superoxide radical (O2-) 
C) CD40 ligand; produce GM-CSF 
D) C5-C9; defend against Neisseria 
E) C3; opsonize capsulated bacteria. 
A) CD18; produce cell adhesion molecules 
B) NADPH oxidase; produce superoxide radical (O2-) 
C) CD40 ligand; produce GM-CSF 
D) C5-C9; defend against Neisseria 
E) C3; opsonize capsulated bacteria.

Question 7

Match between columns
                        Premises: vpr
rev
env
nef
tat
pol
vpu
gag
vif

Accepted Answer

The Answer of gp120 and gp41 and core and matrix is...

Question 8

Shingles is associated with infection by _____.

Accepted Answer

A) Epstein-Barr virus 
B) Staphylococcus aureus 
C) herpes zoster 
D) Candida albicans 
E) Listeria monocytogenes. 
A) Epstein-Barr virus 
B) Staphylococcus aureus 
C) herpes zoster 
D) Candida albicans 
E) Listeria monocytogenes.

Question 9

Bare lymphocyte syndrome leading to a lack of HLA class II molecule expression is due to a defect in _____.

Accepted Answer

A) transcriptional regulators of HLA class II loci 
B) the sequence of the conserved X box of the HLA class II promoter 
C) a TAP peptide transporter 
D) RAG-1 or RAG-2 
E) thymic development. 
A) transcriptional regulators of HLA class II loci 
B) the sequence of the conserved X box of the HLA class II promoter 
C) a TAP peptide transporter 
D) RAG-1 or RAG-2 
E) thymic development.

Question 10

All of the following are associated with the ability of influenza virus to escape from immunity except _____.

Accepted Answer

A) age 
B) error-prone replication of its DNA genome 
C) co-infection with avian and human influenza viruses 
D) recombinant strains 
E) the phenomenon of 'original antigenic sin.' 
A) age 
B) error-prone replication of its DNA genome 
C) co-infection with avian and human influenza viruses 
D) recombinant strains 
E) the phenomenon of 'original antigenic sin.'

Question 11

A.Which antigens are most important in the immune response to the influenza virus?
B.Explain the difference between antigenic drift and antigenic shift in the influenza virus.
C.Which is most likely to lead to a major worldwide pandemic?
D.What is the role of the phenomenon of 'original antigenic sin' in immunity to this virus?

Accepted Answer

A.Influenza hemagglutinin (HA)and neuram

Question 12

Which statement regarding retrovirus proviruses is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Proviruses form immediately after the RNA genome assembles with viral proteins and infectious virions are produced. 
B) Proviruses consist of double-stranded DNA. 
C) Proviruses are flanked by repetitive sequences called long terminal repeats (LTRs). 
D) The host cell must provide the transcriptional and translational machinery in order for RNA and protein products to be made from proviruses. 
E) A cDNA intermediate is required in order to produce a provirus. 
A) Proviruses form immediately after the RNA genome assembles with viral proteins and infectious virions are produced. 
B) Proviruses consist of double-stranded DNA. 
C) Proviruses are flanked by repetitive sequences called long terminal repeats (LTRs). 
D) The host cell must provide the transcriptional and translational machinery in order for RNA and protein products to be made from proviruses. 
E) A cDNA intermediate is required in order to produce a provirus.

Question 13

Trypanosomes escape from adaptive immunity by altering the type of _____ expressed on the parasite surface.

Accepted Answer

A) neuraminidase 
B) hemagglutinin 
C) variable surface glycoprotein (VSG) 
D) superantigen 
E) capsular polysaccharide. 
A) neuraminidase 
B) hemagglutinin 
C) variable surface glycoprotein (VSG) 
D) superantigen 
E) capsular polysaccharide.

Question 14

A primary immune response against influenza virus produces antibodies that bind to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) hemagglutinin and neuraminidase 
B) variable surface glycoproteins 
C) EBNA-1 
D) protein toxins 
E) gp41 and gp120. 
A) hemagglutinin and neuraminidase 
B) variable surface glycoproteins 
C) EBNA-1 
D) protein toxins 
E) gp41 and gp120.

Question 15

_____ results when a gene affecting the immune system mutates,thereby compromising the body's defense against infection.

Accepted Answer

A) gene conversion 
B) epidemics 
C) primary immunodeficiency disease 
D) secondary immunodeficiency disease 
E) seroconversion. 
A) gene conversion 
B) epidemics 
C) primary immunodeficiency disease 
D) secondary immunodeficiency disease 
E) seroconversion.

Question 16

Epstein-Barr virus-infected cells are poor targets for CD8 T-cell killing because _____.

Accepted Answer

A) the virus inhibits MHC class I expression 
B) the virus escapes from the phagosome into the cytosol 
C) infected cells do not express any viral proteins during latency 
D) the proteasome cannot generate viral peptides for presentation by MHC class I molecules. 
A) the virus inhibits MHC class I expression 
B) the virus escapes from the phagosome into the cytosol 
C) infected cells do not express any viral proteins during latency 
D) the proteasome cannot generate viral peptides for presentation by MHC class I molecules.

Question 17

Severe combined immune deficiency (SCID)describes a condition in which neither _____ nor _____ are functional.

Accepted Answer

A) classical; alternative pathways of complement 
B) T-cell-dependent antibody responses; cell-mediated immune responses 
C) innate; acquired immune responses 
D) MHC class I; MHC class II molecules. 
A) classical; alternative pathways of complement 
B) T-cell-dependent antibody responses; cell-mediated immune responses 
C) innate; acquired immune responses 
D) MHC class I; MHC class II molecules.

Question 18

Which of the following is required for fusion of the human immunodeficiency viral envelope with the host cell membrane and subsequent internalization?

Accepted Answer

A) reverse transcriptase 
B) gp120 
C) gp41 
D) integrase 
E) protease. 
A) reverse transcriptase 
B) gp120 
C) gp41 
D) integrase 
E) protease.

Question 19

Deficiencies in complement components C5-C9 and properdin (factor P)are associated with _____.

Accepted Answer

A) immune-complex disease 
B) susceptibility to Neisseria 
C) secondary immunodeficiency diseases 
D) hereditary angioedema 
E) leukocyte adhesion deficiency. 
A) immune-complex disease 
B) susceptibility to Neisseria 
C) secondary immunodeficiency diseases 
D) hereditary angioedema 
E) leukocyte adhesion deficiency.

Question 20

Genes encoding _____ rearrange in trypanosomes permitting replication and survival of the pathogen until the host produces an antibody response against the altered gene product.

Accepted Answer

A) pilin 
B) flagellin 
C) variable surface glycoproteins (VSGs) 
D) hemagglutinin. 
A) pilin 
B) flagellin 
C) variable surface glycoproteins (VSGs) 
D) hemagglutinin.

Which of the following is not a virus that can cause a persistent infection in the host by establishing latency?

Dominant mutant forms of IFNγR1 exhibit all of the following in heterozygotes except _____.

Herpesviruses include all of the following except _____.

A genetic defect in _____ results in the accumulation of toxic levels of nucleotide metabolites and loss of T-cell function.

Which of the following statements regarding inherited immunodeficiency diseases is correct?

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD),a condition resulting in chronic bacterial and fungal infections,is caused by one or more defects in _,compromising the ability of macrophages to _.

Shingles is associated with infection by _____.

Bare lymphocyte syndrome leading to a lack of HLA class II molecule expression is due to a defect in _____.

All of the following are associated with the ability of influenza virus to escape from immunity except _____.

Which statement regarding retrovirus proviruses is false?

Trypanosomes escape from adaptive immunity by altering the type of _____ expressed on the parasite surface.

A primary immune response against influenza virus produces antibodies that bind to _____.

_____ results when a gene affecting the immune system mutates,thereby compromising the body's defense against infection.

Epstein-Barr virus-infected cells are poor targets for CD8 T-cell killing because _____.

Severe combined immune deficiency (SCID)describes a condition in which neither _ nor _ are functional.

Which of the following is required for fusion of the human immunodeficiency viral envelope with the host cell membrane and subsequent internalization?

Deficiencies in complement components C5-C9 and properdin (factor P)are associated with _____.

Genes encoding _____ rearrange in trypanosomes permitting replication and survival of the pathogen until the host produces an antibody response against the altered gene product.

Elements of the Immune System and Their Roles in Defense

Innate Immunity: the Immediate Response to Infection

Innate Immunity: the Induced Response to Infection

Antibody Structure and the Generation of B-Cell Diversity

Antigen Recognition by T Lymphocytes

The Development of B Lymphocytes

The Development of T Lymphocytes

T Cell-Mediated Immunity

Immunity Mediated by B Cells and Antibodies

Preventing Infection at Mucosal Surfaces

Immunological Memory and Vaccination

Coevolution of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Ige-Mediated Immunity and Allergy

Transplantation of Tissues and Organs

Disruption of Healthy Tissue by the Adaptive Immune Response

Cancer and Its Interactions With the Immune System

Filters

Exam 13: Failures of the Bodys Defenses

Which of the following is not a virus that can cause a persistent infection in the host by establishing latency?

Dominant mutant forms of IFNγR1 exhibit all of the following in heterozygotes except _____.

Herpesviruses include all of the following except _____.

A genetic defect in _____ results in the accumulation of toxic levels of nucleotide metabolites and loss of T-cell function.

Which of the following statements regarding inherited immunodeficiency diseases is correct?

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD),a condition resulting in chronic bacterial and fungal infections,is caused by one or more defects in _____,compromising the ability of macrophages to _____.

Shingles is associated with infection by _____.

Bare lymphocyte syndrome leading to a lack of HLA class II molecule expression is due to a defect in _____.

All of the following are associated with the ability of influenza virus to escape from immunity except _____.

Which statement regarding retrovirus proviruses is false?

Trypanosomes escape from adaptive immunity by altering the type of _____ expressed on the parasite surface.

A primary immune response against influenza virus produces antibodies that bind to _____.

_____ results when a gene affecting the immune system mutates,thereby compromising the body's defense against infection.

Epstein-Barr virus-infected cells are poor targets for CD8 T-cell killing because _____.

Severe combined immune deficiency (SCID)describes a condition in which neither _____ nor _____ are functional.

Which of the following is required for fusion of the human immunodeficiency viral envelope with the host cell membrane and subsequent internalization?

Deficiencies in complement components C5-C9 and properdin (factor P)are associated with _____.

Genes encoding _____ rearrange in trypanosomes permitting replication and survival of the pathogen until the host produces an antibody response against the altered gene product.

Elements of the Immune System and Their Roles in Defense

Innate Immunity: the Immediate Response to Infection

Innate Immunity: the Induced Response to Infection

Antibody Structure and the Generation of B-Cell Diversity

Antigen Recognition by T Lymphocytes

The Development of B Lymphocytes

The Development of T Lymphocytes

T Cell-Mediated Immunity

Immunity Mediated by B Cells and Antibodies

Preventing Infection at Mucosal Surfaces

Immunological Memory and Vaccination

Coevolution of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Ige-Mediated Immunity and Allergy

Transplantation of Tissues and Organs

Disruption of Healthy Tissue by the Adaptive Immune Response

Cancer and Its Interactions With the Immune System

Filters

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD),a condition resulting in chronic bacterial and fungal infections,is caused by one or more defects in _,compromising the ability of macrophages to _.

Severe combined immune deficiency (SCID)describes a condition in which neither _ nor _ are functional.