Exam 11: Immunological Memory and Vaccination

Effector memory cells enter _____,whereas central memory cells enter _____.

Jenny O'Mara was five months pregnant when she stepped on a rusty piece of scrap metal while hauling rotted wood from a dilapidated shed in her garden.The sliver of metal cut through her sneaker and pierced her heel deeply.Her physician gave her a tetanus booster.When Jenny's baby was born she decided to breastfeed.If the baby's antibodies were tested for specificity to tetanus 2 months after birth,what would be the expected finding?

When a subpopulation of unvaccinated individuals are protected against a pathogen because the vast majority of individuals in the overall population are vaccinated,this is called _____.

A.What is the difference between the Salk and Sabin polio vaccines? B.Which one should be used for an individual who has an immunodeficiency disease,and why?

_____ vaccines are the most effective at evoking memory responses against a virus in an immunized host.

"Original antigenic sin" is best described as a phenomenon in which _____.

Explain why the suppression of naive B cells in secondary immune responses is advantageous for fighting the measles virus but disadvantageous for fighting the influenza virus.

Reasons complicating the development of vaccines to combat chronic diseases include _____.(Select all that apply.)

Which of the following explain why infections with influenza virus erode immunological memory over time? (Select all that apply.)

After a campus outbreak of Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcal serogroup B),a devastating bacterial disease,which affected at least eight students at Princeton University,the US Food and Drug Administration approved the use of Bexsero to prevent the development of additional cases on that campus.Bexsero is considered to provide broader protective coverage than the US-licenced vaccines conventionally used against this disease.Which of the following methodologies was used to develop Bexsero?

Give four reasons why secondary immune responses are faster and more effective than primary immune responses.

Memory B cells differ from memory T cells in the following ways.(Select all that apply.)

Fill in the blanks. A.Cross-linking ________ and ________ on a ______ B cell by a specific antigen:IgG complex renders the B cell anergic. B.Treatment based on the above phenomenon is used to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn,which can occur in families in which the mother is ______ and the father _______.

All of the following are examples of adjuvants except _____.

Explain why memory B cells are more efficient at responding to pathogens than are naive B cells.

Why is determining the genome sequences of human pathogens important in the development of new and more effective vaccines?

What would be the outcome if a naive B cell were to bind to pathogen coated with specific antibody made by an effector B cell in a primary immune response using FcγRIIB1,and simultaneously bind to the same pathogen using its B-cell receptor?

Identify three characteristics of smallpox that aided in the global eradication of this disease through a rigorous vaccination program.

Unlike naive lymphocytes,memory lymphocytes _____.