Exam 17: Equilibrium the Extent of Chemical Reactions

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Consider the reversible reaction: 2NO2(g) Consider the reversible reaction: 2NO<sub>2</sub>(g)   N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(g) If the concentrations of both NO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> are 0.016 mol L<sup>-1</sup>, what is the value of<sub> </sub>   <sub> </sub> <sub> </sub> <sub>c</sub>? N2O4(g) If the concentrations of both NO2 and N2O4 are 0.016 mol L-1, what is the value of Consider the reversible reaction: 2NO<sub>2</sub>(g)   N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(g) If the concentrations of both NO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> are 0.016 mol L<sup>-1</sup>, what is the value of<sub> </sub>   <sub> </sub> <sub> </sub> <sub>c</sub>? c?

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Compounds A, B, and C react according to the following equation. 3A(g) + 2B(g) Compounds A, B, and C react according to the following equation. 3A(g) + 2B(g)   2C(g) At 100°C a mixture of these gases at equilibrium showed that [A] = 0.855 M, [B] = 1.23 M, and [C] = 1.75 M. What is the value of K<sub>c</sub> for this reaction? 2C(g) At 100°C a mixture of these gases at equilibrium showed that [A] = 0.855 M, [B] = 1.23 M, and [C] = 1.75 M. What is the value of Kc for this reaction?

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At 850°C, the equilibrium constant Kp for the reaction C(s) + CO2(g) At 850°C, the equilibrium constant Kp for the reaction C(s) + CO<sub>2</sub>(g)   2CO(g) Has a value of 10.7. If the total pressure in the system at equilibrium is 1.000 atm, what is the partial pressure of carbon monoxide? 2CO(g) Has a value of 10.7. If the total pressure in the system at equilibrium is 1.000 atm, what is the partial pressure of carbon monoxide?

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Unless ΔH°rxn = 0, a change in temperature will affect the value of the equilibrium constant Kc.

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In water, the following equilibrium exists: H+(aq) + OH-(aq) In water, the following equilibrium exists: H<sup>+</sup>(aq) + OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)   H<sub>2</sub>O(l) In pure water at 25°C, the concentration of H+ ions is 1.00 × 10<sup>-7</sup> mol/L. Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction as written above. H2O(l) In pure water at 25°C, the concentration of H+ ions is 1.00 × 10-7 mol/L. Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction as written above.

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A chemical reaction will reach equilibrium when the limiting reactant is used up.

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At a certain temperature the reaction CO2(g) + H2(g) At a certain temperature the reaction CO<sub>2</sub>(g) + H<sub>2</sub>(g)   CO(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O(g)<sub>2</sub> Has K<sub>c</sub> = 2.50. If 2.00 mol of carbon dioxide and 1.5 mol of hydrogen are placed in a 5.00 L vessel and equilibrium is established, what will be the concentration of carbon monoxide? CO(g) + H2O(g)2 Has Kc = 2.50. If 2.00 mol of carbon dioxide and 1.5 mol of hydrogen are placed in a 5.00 L vessel and equilibrium is established, what will be the concentration of carbon monoxide?

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Methanol can be synthesized by combining carbon monoxide and hydrogen. CO(g) + 2H2(g) Methanol can be synthesized by combining carbon monoxide and hydrogen. CO(g) + 2H<sub>2</sub>(g)   CH<sub>3</sub>OH(g) ΔH°<sub>rxn</sub> = -90.7 kJ A reaction vessel contains these compounds at equilibrium. What effect will be seen when equilibrium is re-established after decreasing the temperature by 45°C? CH3OH(g) ΔH°rxn = -90.7 kJ A reaction vessel contains these compounds at equilibrium. What effect will be seen when equilibrium is re-established after decreasing the temperature by 45°C?

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Write the mass-action expression, Write the mass-action expression,   c, for the following chemical reaction. Zn(s) + 2Ag<sup>+</sup>(aq)   Zn<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + 2Ag(s) c, for the following chemical reaction. Zn(s) + 2Ag+(aq) Write the mass-action expression,   c, for the following chemical reaction. Zn(s) + 2Ag<sup>+</sup>(aq)   Zn<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + 2Ag(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2Ag(s)

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The reaction quotient, The reaction quotient,   <sub>c</sub>, for a reaction has a value of 75 while the equilibrium constant, K<sub>c</sub>, has a value of 195. Which of the following statements is accurate? c, for a reaction has a value of 75 while the equilibrium constant, Kc, has a value of 195. Which of the following statements is accurate?

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The following reaction is at equilibrium at one atmosphere, in a closed container. NaOH(s) + CO2(g) The following reaction is at equilibrium at one atmosphere, in a closed container. NaOH(s) + CO<sub>2</sub>(g)   NaHCO<sub>3</sub>(s) Which, if any, of the following actions will decrease the total amount of CO<sub>2</sub> gas present at equilibrium? NaHCO3(s) Which, if any, of the following actions will decrease the total amount of CO2 gas present at equilibrium?

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Write the mass-action expression, Write the mass-action expression,   c, for the following chemical reaction. NO(g) + ½Br<sub>2</sub>(g)   NOBr(g) c, for the following chemical reaction. NO(g) + ½Br2(g) Write the mass-action expression,   c, for the following chemical reaction. NO(g) + ½Br<sub>2</sub>(g)   NOBr(g) NOBr(g)

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The two equilibrium constants for the same reaction, Kc and Kp, will always equal one another when

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At high temperatures, carbon reacts with O2 to produce CO as follows: C(s) + O2(g) At high temperatures, carbon reacts with O<sub>2</sub> to produce CO as follows: C(s) + O<sub>2</sub>(g)   2CO(g). When 0.350 mol of O<sub>2</sub> and excess carbon were placed in a 5.00-L container and heated, the equilibrium concentration of CO was found to be 0.060 M. What is the equilibrium constant, K<sub>c</sub>, for this reaction? 2CO(g). When 0.350 mol of O2 and excess carbon were placed in a 5.00-L container and heated, the equilibrium concentration of CO was found to be 0.060 M. What is the equilibrium constant, Kc, for this reaction?

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Consider the equilibrium reaction: N2O4(g) Consider the equilibrium reaction: N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(g)   2NO<sub>2</sub>(g) Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between K<sub>c</sub> and K<sub>p</sub> for the reaction? 2NO2(g) Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between Kc and Kp for the reaction?

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Nitric oxide is formed in automobile exhaust when nitrogen and oxygen in air react at high temperatures. N2(g) + O2(g) Nitric oxide is formed in automobile exhaust when nitrogen and oxygen in air react at high temperatures. N<sub>2</sub>(g) + O<sub>2</sub>(g)   2NO(g) The equilibrium constant K<sub>p</sub> for the reaction is 0.0025 at 2127°C. If a container is charged with 8.00 atm of nitrogen and 5.00 atm of oxygen and the mixture is allowed to reach equilibrium, what will be the equilibrium partial pressure of nitrogen? 2NO(g) The equilibrium constant Kp for the reaction is 0.0025 at 2127°C. If a container is charged with 8.00 atm of nitrogen and 5.00 atm of oxygen and the mixture is allowed to reach equilibrium, what will be the equilibrium partial pressure of nitrogen?

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At 450°C, tert-butyl alcohol decomposes into water and isobutene. (CH3)3COH(g) At 450°C, tert-butyl alcohol decomposes into water and isobutene. (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>COH(g)   (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CCH<sub>2</sub>(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O(g) A reaction vessel contains these compounds at equilibrium. What will happen if the volume of the container is reduced by 50% at constant temperature? (CH3)2CCH2(g) + H2O(g) A reaction vessel contains these compounds at equilibrium. What will happen if the volume of the container is reduced by 50% at constant temperature?

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Nitrogen dioxide can dissociate to nitric oxide and oxygen. 2NO2(g) Nitrogen dioxide can dissociate to nitric oxide and oxygen. 2NO<sub>2</sub>(g)   2NO(g) + O<sub>2</sub>(g) ΔH°<sub>rxn</sub> = +114 kJ Under which reaction conditions would you expect to produce the largest amount of oxygen? 2NO(g) + O2(g) ΔH°rxn = +114 kJ Under which reaction conditions would you expect to produce the largest amount of oxygen?

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For some gas-phase reactions, Kp = Kc.

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At 500°C the equilibrium constant, Kp, is 4.00 × 10-4 for the equilibrium: 2HCN(g) At 500°C the equilibrium constant, K<sub>p</sub>, is 4.00 × 10<sup>-4</sup> for the equilibrium: 2HCN(g)   H<sub>2</sub>(g) + C<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>(g) What is Kp for the following reaction? H<sub>2</sub>(g) + C<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>(g)   2HCN(g) H2(g) + C2N2(g) What is Kp for the following reaction? H2(g) + C2N2(g) At 500°C the equilibrium constant, K<sub>p</sub>, is 4.00 × 10<sup>-4</sup> for the equilibrium: 2HCN(g)   H<sub>2</sub>(g) + C<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>(g) What is Kp for the following reaction? H<sub>2</sub>(g) + C<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>(g)   2HCN(g) 2HCN(g)

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