Question 1

The nation containing the largest fraction of the world's tropical rain forest is

Accepted Answer

A) Congo. 
B) Brazil. 
C) Mexico. 
D) The United States. 
E) Indonesia. 
A) Congo. 
B) Brazil. 
C) Mexico. 
D) The United States. 
E) Indonesia. B

Question 2

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to tropical forest edges?

Accepted Answer

A) Trees grow more rapidly and survive better in edge habitat than in the forest interior. 
B) Edge habitat is drier than the forest interior. 
C) Edge habitat has higher solar radiation than the forest interior. 
D) Edge habitat is hotter than the forest interior. 
E) Forest fragmentation increases the ratio of edge habitat to forest interior. 
A) Trees grow more rapidly and survive better in edge habitat than in the forest interior. 
B) Edge habitat is drier than the forest interior. 
C) Edge habitat has higher solar radiation than the forest interior. 
D) Edge habitat is hotter than the forest interior. 
E) Forest fragmentation increases the ratio of edge habitat to forest interior. A

Question 3

Human release of CO2 into the atmosphere accelerated during World War I and World War II.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Fur seals and sea lions in the Galápagos Islands experience population declines during El Niño events because

Accepted Answer

A) their hibernation cues are disrupted by the unusual climate. 
B) they are not capable of effective thermoregulation in the cooler waters around the islands. 
C) the fish they feed upon move further offshore in search of warmer water. 
D) the fish they feed upon move offshore and deeper in search of cooler water. 
E) the fish they feed on are driven to local extinction. 
A) their hibernation cues are disrupted by the unusual climate. 
B) they are not capable of effective thermoregulation in the cooler waters around the islands. 
C) the fish they feed upon move further offshore in search of warmer water. 
D) the fish they feed upon move offshore and deeper in search of cooler water. 
E) the fish they feed on are driven to local extinction.

Question 5

Before life evolved on Earth,the atmosphere

Accepted Answer

A) had much higher concentrations of oxygen. 
B) had much lower concentrations of carbon dioxide. 
C) was more or less the same as it is now. 
D) had much lower concentrations of oxygen. 
E) had much lower concentrations of hydrogen. 
A) had much higher concentrations of oxygen. 
B) had much lower concentrations of carbon dioxide. 
C) was more or less the same as it is now. 
D) had much lower concentrations of oxygen. 
E) had much lower concentrations of hydrogen.

Question 6

During El Niño events,

Accepted Answer

A) Australia experiences drought. 
B) western North America experiences drought. 
C) Canada and Alaska are cooler than average. 
D) populations of anchovies and seabirds increase along the South American coast. 
E) primary production increases around the Galápagos Islands. 
A) Australia experiences drought. 
B) western North America experiences drought. 
C) Canada and Alaska are cooler than average. 
D) populations of anchovies and seabirds increase along the South American coast. 
E) primary production increases around the Galápagos Islands.

Question 7

Which of the following make important contributions to nitrogen fixation by human activities?

Accepted Answer

A) combustion of fossil fuels 
B) industrial production of nitrogen fertilizers 
C) use of crop rotation in agriculture 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
E) only industrial production of nitrogen fertilizers and use of crop rotation in agriculture 
A) combustion of fossil fuels 
B) industrial production of nitrogen fertilizers 
C) use of crop rotation in agriculture 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
E) only industrial production of nitrogen fertilizers and use of crop rotation in agriculture

Question 8

Using the Boolean Logical Operator "or" will typically

Accepted Answer

A) yield more references. 
B) yield fewer references. 
C) exclude certain types of references from your search. 
D) locate references including a particular word or term with alternative endings. 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) yield more references. 
B) yield fewer references. 
C) exclude certain types of references from your search. 
D) locate references including a particular word or term with alternative endings. 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 9

The reduction in atmospheric 14C/12C ratio associated with fossil fuel combustion is known as the ____________.

Accepted Answer

Question 10

Episodes of lower sea surface temperatures and higher barometric pressure in the eastern tropical Pacific are known as La Niña events.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Strongly negative values of the Southern Oscillation Index are associated with La Niña events.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

During El Niño events,coastal populations of anchovies and sardines

Accepted Answer

A) flourish as seabird populations decline. 
B) decline as sea lion populations flourish. 
C) flourish as sea lion populations decline. 
D) decline as phytoplankton populations decline. 
E) flourish as phytoplankton populations flourish. 
A) flourish as seabird populations decline. 
B) decline as sea lion populations flourish. 
C) flourish as sea lion populations decline. 
D) decline as phytoplankton populations decline. 
E) flourish as phytoplankton populations flourish.

Question 13

Negative values on the Southern Oscillation Index indicate

Accepted Answer

A) lower barometric pressure in the western Pacific Ocean. 
B) lower barometric pressure in the eastern Pacific Ocean. 
C) lower barometric pressure in the northern Pacific Ocean. 
D) higher barometric pressure in the southern Pacific Ocean. 
E) higher barometric pressure in the eastern Pacific Ocean. 
A) lower barometric pressure in the western Pacific Ocean. 
B) lower barometric pressure in the eastern Pacific Ocean. 
C) lower barometric pressure in the northern Pacific Ocean. 
D) higher barometric pressure in the southern Pacific Ocean. 
E) higher barometric pressure in the eastern Pacific Ocean.

Question 14

In the "U.S.LTER Network",LTER stands for ________.

Accepted Answer

Long Term

Question 15

Nitrogen fixation due to human activities now exceeds total global fixation by all other biotic and abiotic agents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Greenhouse gases help keep the surface of the earth warm by absorbing _____ emitted by the _____.

Accepted Answer

A) visible light,sun 
B) ultraviolet radiation,earth 
C) infrared radiation,sun 
D) infrared radiation,earth 
E) visible light,earth 
A) visible light,sun 
B) ultraviolet radiation,earth 
C) infrared radiation,sun 
D) infrared radiation,earth 
E) visible light,earth

Question 17

Ozone plays an important role in shaping the environment for life on Earth because it

Accepted Answer

A) absorbs visible radiation. 
B) emits ultraviolet radiation. 
C) absorbs ultraviolet radiation. 
D) reflects visible radiation. 
E) dissolves more readily than oxygen gas in seawater. 
A) absorbs visible radiation. 
B) emits ultraviolet radiation. 
C) absorbs ultraviolet radiation. 
D) reflects visible radiation. 
E) dissolves more readily than oxygen gas in seawater.

Question 18

Periodic increases and decreases in red kangaroo populations in Australia are associated with

Accepted Answer

A) predator-driven population cycles. 
B) parasite population cycles. 
C) sunspot cycles. 
D) the El Niño - Southern Oscillation. 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) predator-driven population cycles. 
B) parasite population cycles. 
C) sunspot cycles. 
D) the El Niño - Southern Oscillation. 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 19

La Niña brings higher than average precipitation to

Accepted Answer

A) North America. 
B) South America. 
C) Australia. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
E) both North America and South America. 
A) North America. 
B) South America. 
C) Australia. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
E) both North America and South America.

Question 20

During the past century,the average global temperature has risen

Accepted Answer

A) 0.7 $\degree$C 
B) 1.5 $\degree$C 
C) 3.5 $\degree$C 
D) 5.5 $\degree$C 
E) 10.5 $\degree$C 
A) 0.7 $\degree$C 
B) 1.5 $\degree$C 
C) 3.5 $\degree$C 
D) 5.5 $\degree$C 
E) 10.5 $\degree$C

Exam 23: Global Ecology

The nation containing the largest fraction of the world's tropical rain forest is

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to tropical forest edges?

Human release of CO2 into the atmosphere accelerated during World War I and World War II.

Fur seals and sea lions in the Galápagos Islands experience population declines during El Niño events because

Before life evolved on Earth,the atmosphere

During El Niño events,

Which of the following make important contributions to nitrogen fixation by human activities?

Using the Boolean Logical Operator "or" will typically

The reduction in atmospheric 14C/12C ratio associated with fossil fuel combustion is known as the ____________.

Episodes of lower sea surface temperatures and higher barometric pressure in the eastern tropical Pacific are known as La Niña events.

Strongly negative values of the Southern Oscillation Index are associated with La Niña events.

During El Niño events,coastal populations of anchovies and sardines

Negative values on the Southern Oscillation Index indicate

In the "U.S.LTER Network",LTER stands for ________.

Nitrogen fixation due to human activities now exceeds total global fixation by all other biotic and abiotic agents.

Greenhouse gases help keep the surface of the earth warm by absorbing _____ emitted by the _____.

Ozone plays an important role in shaping the environment for life on Earth because it

Periodic increases and decreases in red kangaroo populations in Australia are associated with

La Niña brings higher than average precipitation to

During the past century,the average global temperature has risen

Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions: Predation, herbivory, parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Filters

Human release of CO₂ into the atmosphere accelerated during World War I and World War II.

The reduction in atmospheric ¹⁴C/¹²C ratio associated with fossil fuel combustion is known as the ____________.

Greenhouse gases help keep the surface of the earth warm by absorbing _ emitted by the _.