Question 1

The rarest animal is the _______________________ and the rarest plant is the _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) Northern spotted owl; Pacific Yew 
B) Siberian tiger; Asplenium septrionale 
C) Tasmanian devil; Welwitschia 
D) Mountain gorilla; Prichardia Monroe 
E) Mountain gorilla; Asplenium septrionale 
A) Northern spotted owl; Pacific Yew 
B) Siberian tiger; Asplenium septrionale 
C) Tasmanian devil; Welwitschia 
D) Mountain gorilla; Prichardia Monroe 
E) Mountain gorilla; Asplenium septrionale D

Question 2

'Rarity I' can be described as:

Accepted Answer

A) restricted range,narrow habitat tolerances,small local populations 
B) restricted range,broad habitat tolerances,large local populations 
C) extensive range,narrow habitat tolerances,large local populations 
D) restricted range,broad habitat tolerances,small local populations 
E) extensive range,broad habitat tolerances,small local populations 
A) restricted range,narrow habitat tolerances,small local populations 
B) restricted range,broad habitat tolerances,large local populations 
C) extensive range,narrow habitat tolerances,large local populations 
D) restricted range,broad habitat tolerances,small local populations 
E) extensive range,broad habitat tolerances,small local populations E

Question 3

Ehleringer and Clark found that variation in leaf pubescence among plants of the genus Encelia appears to correspond to the distribution of these species along a ____________ gradient from the California coast eastward.

Accepted Answer

A) light intensity 
B) moisture 
C) temperature 
D) both light intensity and moisture 
E) both moisture and temperature 
A) light intensity 
B) moisture 
C) temperature 
D) both light intensity and moisture 
E) both moisture and temperature D

Question 4

Donald Phillips and James MacMahon showed that the distribution pattern of creosote bush,Larrea tridentata,changes in the following sequence as they grow:

Accepted Answer

A) clumped,regular,random 
B) regular,random,clumped 
C) random,regular,clumped 
D) random,clumped,regular 
E) clumped,random,regular 
A) clumped,regular,random 
B) regular,random,clumped 
C) random,regular,clumped 
D) random,clumped,regular 
E) clumped,random,regular

Question 5

Research by Hubble and Johnson showed that aggressive social interactions among stingless bees in the tropical dry forests of Costa Rica can produce and enforce a clumped distribution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Caughley found the distributions of the three largest kangaroo species in Australia are determined by

Accepted Answer

A) hunting pressure. 
B) severe competition for den sites. 
C) severe predation. 
D) climate. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) hunting pressure. 
B) severe competition for den sites. 
C) severe predation. 
D) climate. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Often small scale distribution patterns gathered from mountain gradients can be used to draw conclusions about large scale distribution patterns.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Research on North American bird populations have indicated that populations are _____________,distributed on a __________________ scale.

Accepted Answer

A) clumped; small 
B) random; small 
C) regular; small 
D) regular; large 
E) clumped; large 
A) clumped; small 
B) random; small 
C) regular; small 
D) regular; large 
E) clumped; large

Question 9

Whittaker's research on North American tree distribution examined ____________ gradients and concluded that the tree distribution was __________________.

Accepted Answer

A) temperature; random 
B) temperature; clumped 
C) moisture; clumped 
D) moisture; random 
E) soil; random 
A) temperature; random 
B) temperature; clumped 
C) moisture; clumped 
D) moisture; random 
E) soil; random

Question 10

Which statement about organisms' "niches" is false?

Accepted Answer

A) The niche summarizes environmental factors influencing growth,survival,and reproduction of a species. 
B) The niche concept was developed by Joseph Grinnell and Charles Elton. 
C) The "fundamental" niche refers to physical,but not biological,aspects of the environment. 
D) Interactions such as competition and parasitism may restrict the size of an organism's niche. 
E) In the laboratory,two species with identical niches are especially easy to maintain in a mixed culture. 
A) The niche summarizes environmental factors influencing growth,survival,and reproduction of a species. 
B) The niche concept was developed by Joseph Grinnell and Charles Elton. 
C) The "fundamental" niche refers to physical,but not biological,aspects of the environment. 
D) Interactions such as competition and parasitism may restrict the size of an organism's niche. 
E) In the laboratory,two species with identical niches are especially easy to maintain in a mixed culture.

Question 11

'Extreme Rarity' can be described as

Accepted Answer

A) restricted range,narrow habitat tolerances,and small local populations. 
B) restricted range,broad habitat tolerances,and large local populations. 
C) extensive range,narrow habitat tolerances,and large local populations. 
D) restricted range,broad habitat tolerances,and small local populations. 
E) extensive range,broad habitat tolerances,and small local populations. 
A) restricted range,narrow habitat tolerances,and small local populations. 
B) restricted range,broad habitat tolerances,and large local populations. 
C) extensive range,narrow habitat tolerances,and large local populations. 
D) restricted range,broad habitat tolerances,and small local populations. 
E) extensive range,broad habitat tolerances,and small local populations.

Question 12

Often an organism with a broad habitat tolerance is called a generalist.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In general,research indicates that as the average body mass of an organism increases,population density also increases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In order to determine whether a species is common or rare,ecologists use all of the following criteria except:

Accepted Answer

A) habitat tolerance. 
B) evolutionary existence. 
C) geographical range. 
D) local population size. 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) habitat tolerance. 
B) evolutionary existence. 
C) geographical range. 
D) local population size. 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 15

An organism with a narrow habitat tolerance is called a ________________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An organism with a narrow habitat tolerance...

Question 16

The creosote bush (Larrea tridentate)can have a random,clumped,or regular distribution pattern.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

______________ is/are defined as a group of potentially breeding organisms within a species in a given space and time.

Accepted Answer

A) Density 
B) Populations 
C) Distribution 
D) Abundance 
E) Community 
A) Density 
B) Populations 
C) Distribution 
D) Abundance 
E) Community

Question 18

Which of the following are characteristics of a population?

Accepted Answer

A) consists of a single species 
B) has an age distribution 
C) has a birth rate 
D) has an emigration rate 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) consists of a single species 
B) has an age distribution 
C) has a birth rate 
D) has an emigration rate 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 19

According to the results of Philips and MacMahon,which of the following relationships of variance to mean shrub density would be expected for young creosote bushes?

Accepted Answer

A) variance=mean B) variance>mean C) variancemean C) variance

Question 20

Density is defined as

Accepted Answer

A) the number of individuals within a population. 
B) abundance. 
C) the number of individuals per unit area. 
D) the distribution of individuals within a given area. 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) the number of individuals within a population. 
B) abundance. 
C) the number of individuals per unit area. 
D) the distribution of individuals within a given area. 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Exam 9: Population Distribution and Abundance

The rarest animal is the _______________________ and the rarest plant is the _______________.

'Rarity I' can be described as:

Ehleringer and Clark found that variation in leaf pubescence among plants of the genus Encelia appears to correspond to the distribution of these species along a ____________ gradient from the California coast eastward.

Donald Phillips and James MacMahon showed that the distribution pattern of creosote bush,Larrea tridentata,changes in the following sequence as they grow:

Research by Hubble and Johnson showed that aggressive social interactions among stingless bees in the tropical dry forests of Costa Rica can produce and enforce a clumped distribution.

Caughley found the distributions of the three largest kangaroo species in Australia are determined by

Often small scale distribution patterns gathered from mountain gradients can be used to draw conclusions about large scale distribution patterns.

Research on North American bird populations have indicated that populations are _____________,distributed on a __________________ scale.

Whittaker's research on North American tree distribution examined ____________ gradients and concluded that the tree distribution was __________________.

Which statement about organisms' "niches" is false?

'Extreme Rarity' can be described as

Often an organism with a broad habitat tolerance is called a generalist.

In general,research indicates that as the average body mass of an organism increases,population density also increases.

In order to determine whether a species is common or rare,ecologists use all of the following criteria except:

An organism with a narrow habitat tolerance is called a ________________________.

The creosote bush (Larrea tridentate)can have a random,clumped,or regular distribution pattern.

______________ is/are defined as a group of potentially breeding organisms within a species in a given space and time.

Which of the following are characteristics of a population?

According to the results of Philips and MacMahon,which of the following relationships of variance to mean shrub density would be expected for young creosote bushes?

Density is defined as

Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions: Predation, herbivory, parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

Filters

The rarest animal is the _________ and the rarest plant is the _.

Research on North American bird populations have indicated that populations are _,distributed on a ______ scale.

Whittaker's research on North American tree distribution examined gradients and concluded that the tree distribution was ______.