Question 1

Ephemerellid mayflies under attack by stoneflies will typically

Accepted Answer

A) swim away to escape possible predation. 
B) rely on their cryptic coloration to escape detection. 
C) rely on their spiny appendages to deter attack. 
D) adopt a posture which increases their apparent size,so that the predator will avoid them. 
E) burrow into the stream bottom. 
A) swim away to escape possible predation. 
B) rely on their cryptic coloration to escape detection. 
C) rely on their spiny appendages to deter attack. 
D) adopt a posture which increases their apparent size,so that the predator will avoid them. 
E) burrow into the stream bottom. D

Question 2

_______________________ is the idea that predators can have non-lethal effects on prey's behavior in which they avoid high-risk locations.

Accepted Answer

"The ecology of fear"

Question 3

The Lotka-Volterra predation model predicts that predators and prey,living together,will show

Accepted Answer

A) oscillations in population size that increase in amplitude through time. 
B) oscillations in population size that remain of constant amplitude through time. 
C) oscillations in population size that decrease in amplitude through time. 
D) oscillations,but only when outside forces such as climatic variation are also present. 
E) steady equilibria in population sizes. 
A) oscillations in population size that increase in amplitude through time. 
B) oscillations in population size that remain of constant amplitude through time. 
C) oscillations in population size that decrease in amplitude through time. 
D) oscillations,but only when outside forces such as climatic variation are also present. 
E) steady equilibria in population sizes. B

Question 4

Birds are more effective predators than bats on foliage-living arthropods in tropical lowland forests.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Gause's experiments with Paramecium and Didinium showed

Accepted Answer

A) extinction of the predator,followed by extinction of the prey,in all habitats. 
B) coexistence of predator and prey at fairly constant population sizes,in all habitats. 
C) coexistence of predator and prey,but with oscillating population sizes,in all habitats. 
D) coexistence of predator and prey at fairly constant population sizes,but only in the presence of refuges and predator reservoirs. 
E) coexistence of predator and prey with oscillating population sizes,but only in the presence of refuges and predator reservoirs. 
A) extinction of the predator,followed by extinction of the prey,in all habitats. 
B) coexistence of predator and prey at fairly constant population sizes,in all habitats. 
C) coexistence of predator and prey,but with oscillating population sizes,in all habitats. 
D) coexistence of predator and prey at fairly constant population sizes,but only in the presence of refuges and predator reservoirs. 
E) coexistence of predator and prey with oscillating population sizes,but only in the presence of refuges and predator reservoirs.

Question 6

Which statement is not true of lynx and coyote predation of the snowshoe hare?

Accepted Answer

A) Lynx and coyote both show a strong numerical response to increases in the snowshoe hare population. 
B) Lynx show higher predation rates when snowshoe hare numbers are declining. 
C) Coyotes show higher predation rates when snowshoe hare numbers are increasing. 
D) Coyotes show a clear type 2 functional response to increases in the snowshoe hare population. 
E) At high hare densities,coyote and lynx predation rates exceed their daily energy needs. 
A) Lynx and coyote both show a strong numerical response to increases in the snowshoe hare population. 
B) Lynx show higher predation rates when snowshoe hare numbers are declining. 
C) Coyotes show higher predation rates when snowshoe hare numbers are increasing. 
D) Coyotes show a clear type 2 functional response to increases in the snowshoe hare population. 
E) At high hare densities,coyote and lynx predation rates exceed their daily energy needs.

Question 7

Which of the following is a result of infection of Arabis by the plant parasite Puccinia monoica?

Accepted Answer

A) formation of an elongated rosette topped by a cluster of bright yellow leaves 
B) formation of a pseudoflower that resembles the flower of a buttercup 
C) insect transfer of spermatia from one fungus to another 
D) elimination of seed formation by the host plant 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) formation of an elongated rosette topped by a cluster of bright yellow leaves 
B) formation of a pseudoflower that resembles the flower of a buttercup 
C) insect transfer of spermatia from one fungus to another 
D) elimination of seed formation by the host plant 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 8

Bethel and Holmes demonstrated

Accepted Answer

A) positive phototaxis in Acanthocephalans infected by amphipods. 
B) negative phototaxis in Acanthocephalans infected by amphipods. 
C) positive phototaxis in amphipods infected by Acanthocephalans. 
D) negative phototaxis in amphipods infected by Acanthocephalans. 
E) increased herbivory by amphipods infected by Acanthocephalans. 
A) positive phototaxis in Acanthocephalans infected by amphipods. 
B) negative phototaxis in Acanthocephalans infected by amphipods. 
C) positive phototaxis in amphipods infected by Acanthocephalans. 
D) negative phototaxis in amphipods infected by Acanthocephalans. 
E) increased herbivory by amphipods infected by Acanthocephalans.

Question 9

Which of the following is not an example of altered behavior of the pill bug,Armadillidum vulgare,when infected by the parasite,Plagiorhynchus cylindraceus?

Accepted Answer

A) spends less time in sheltered areas 
B) positive phototaxis 
C) spends more time in low humidity environments 
D) seeks out light substrates 
E) all are examples of altered behavior of the pill bug when infected by the parasite 
A) spends less time in sheltered areas 
B) positive phototaxis 
C) spends more time in low humidity environments 
D) seeks out light substrates 
E) all are examples of altered behavior of the pill bug when infected by the parasite

Question 10

A species feeding on the tissue of its host,while not killing it directly,is a

Accepted Answer

A) predator. 
B) parasite. 
C) parasitoid. 
D) cannibal. 
E) debilitator. 
A) predator. 
B) parasite. 
C) parasitoid. 
D) cannibal. 
E) debilitator.

Question 11

The defensive tactic in which prey reduce their individual probability of being eaten by occurring at very high densities is called

Accepted Answer

A) prey satiation. 
B) prey dilution. 
C) predator dilution. 
D) predator satiation. 
E) predator masting. 
A) prey satiation. 
B) prey dilution. 
C) predator dilution. 
D) predator satiation. 
E) predator masting.

Question 12

Which statement about snowshoe hare and lynx populations in boreal Canada is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Lynx are not the only important predator of snowshoe hares. 
B) Lynx and hare populations both oscillate repeatedly,with a similar period. 
C) Snowshoe hares rarely deplete their food supply enough to affect their population biology. 
D) Trapping records kept by non-scientists can provide useful records of hare population sizes. 
E) Field experiments imply that hare cycles depend both on the hares' food and their predators. 
A) Lynx are not the only important predator of snowshoe hares. 
B) Lynx and hare populations both oscillate repeatedly,with a similar period. 
C) Snowshoe hares rarely deplete their food supply enough to affect their population biology. 
D) Trapping records kept by non-scientists can provide useful records of hare population sizes. 
E) Field experiments imply that hare cycles depend both on the hares' food and their predators.

Question 13

The presence of parasitic protozoa in a culture of competing Tribolium castaneum and T.confusum

Accepted Answer

A) can reverse the outcome of competition. 
B) decreases the likelihood of coexistence. 
C) has no effect on the outcome of competition. 
D) increases the likelihood of coexistence. 
E) has an effect on the outcome of competition only in the presence of predatory birds. 
A) can reverse the outcome of competition. 
B) decreases the likelihood of coexistence. 
C) has no effect on the outcome of competition. 
D) increases the likelihood of coexistence. 
E) has an effect on the outcome of competition only in the presence of predatory birds.

Question 14

An organism inducing disease in its host is called a ______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An organism inducing disease in its host...

Question 15

Calculate standard error given:   mm,s = 6.2 mm,and n = 10.

Accepted Answer

A) 0.62 mm 
B) 0.88 mm 
C) 1.96 mm 
D) 9.06 mm 
E) 17.8 mm 
A) 0.62 mm 
B) 0.88 mm 
C) 1.96 mm 
D) 9.06 mm 
E) 17.8 mm

Question 16

Plagiorhynchus worms and Puccinia rusts are parasites that share the ability to change their host's behavior in way that

Accepted Answer

A) increase the length of time they can survive in their hosts. 
B) decrease their host's mortality rates. 
C) increase their hosts reproduction,thereby increasing production of parasite-infected offspring. 
D) increase the likelihood of their (the parasites')transmission to a new host. 
E) decrease the hosts' vulnerability to other parasites. 
A) increase the length of time they can survive in their hosts. 
B) decrease their host's mortality rates. 
C) increase their hosts reproduction,thereby increasing production of parasite-infected offspring. 
D) increase the likelihood of their (the parasites')transmission to a new host. 
E) decrease the hosts' vulnerability to other parasites.

Question 17

In most laboratory experiments,predators and prey held together in simple habitats exhibit repeated cycles in population sizes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

In the Lotka-Volterra predation model,a prey (host)population in the absence of predators would

Accepted Answer

A) grow exponentially. 
B) grow logistically. 
C) grow exponentially,and then crash when it has outstripped its own food supply. 
D) decline to extinction. 
E) The model makes no assumptions about what happens in the absence of predators. 
A) grow exponentially. 
B) grow logistically. 
C) grow exponentially,and then crash when it has outstripped its own food supply. 
D) decline to extinction. 
E) The model makes no assumptions about what happens in the absence of predators.

Question 19

The standard error of the mean is equal to

Accepted Answer

A) the sample variance divided by the sample size. 
B) the sample standard deviation divided by the square root of the sample size. 
C) the sample variance divided by the square root of the sample size. 
D) twice the square root of the sample size. 
E) twice the square root of the sample variance. 
A) the sample variance divided by the sample size. 
B) the sample standard deviation divided by the square root of the sample size. 
C) the sample variance divided by the square root of the sample size. 
D) twice the square root of the sample size. 
E) twice the square root of the sample variance.

Question 20

__________ consume live plant material but do not usually kill plants.

Accepted Answer

A) Predators 
B) Pathogens 
C) Herbivores 
D) Parasites 
E) Parasitoids 
A) Predators 
B) Pathogens 
C) Herbivores 
D) Parasites 
E) Parasitoids

Exam 14: Exploitative Interactions: Predation, herbivory, parasitism, and Disease

Ephemerellid mayflies under attack by stoneflies will typically

_______________________ is the idea that predators can have non-lethal effects on prey's behavior in which they avoid high-risk locations.

The Lotka-Volterra predation model predicts that predators and prey,living together,will show

Birds are more effective predators than bats on foliage-living arthropods in tropical lowland forests.

Gause's experiments with Paramecium and Didinium showed

Which statement is not true of lynx and coyote predation of the snowshoe hare?

Which of the following is a result of infection of Arabis by the plant parasite Puccinia monoica?

Bethel and Holmes demonstrated

Which of the following is not an example of altered behavior of the pill bug,Armadillidum vulgare,when infected by the parasite,Plagiorhynchus cylindraceus?

A species feeding on the tissue of its host,while not killing it directly,is a

The defensive tactic in which prey reduce their individual probability of being eaten by occurring at very high densities is called

Which statement about snowshoe hare and lynx populations in boreal Canada is false?

The presence of parasitic protozoa in a culture of competing Tribolium castaneum and T.confusum

An organism inducing disease in its host is called a ______________.

Calculate standard error given: mm,s = 6.2 mm,and n = 10.

Plagiorhynchus worms and Puccinia rusts are parasites that share the ability to change their host's behavior in way that

In most laboratory experiments,predators and prey held together in simple habitats exhibit repeated cycles in population sizes.

In the Lotka-Volterra predation model,a prey (host)population in the absence of predators would

The standard error of the mean is equal to

__________ consume live plant material but do not usually kill plants.

Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

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